Bio-Interface Analysis and Detection of Aβ using GaN HEMT-based Biosensor

Abstract

Early detection, prognosis, and diagnosis of devastating neurological disorders such as TBI and AD are crucial for developing treatment strategies, efficient patient outcomes, and management in biomedical fields. The work reports design, development, suitability analysis, and validation of a label-free GaN HEMT-based biosensing platform for non-invasive detection of FDA-approved biomarker Aβ in saliva samples concentration ranges. The biofunctionalization assay have been validated with both electrical and FTIR spectroscopy based measurements. A comparative analysis with ELISA assay shows good agreement with ~2.0% measurement errors demonstrating platform stability and accuracy for Aβ detection. The platform offers a peak sensitivity of 27.20 µA/pg/ml with high specificity, excellent repeatability, and reproducibility of the results. The key biosensor features include fast detection with a response time of 5-10s and a low sample volume requirement of ~1-2 µl. The platform comparison with ELISA shows a similar and acceptable linearity trend. A novel equation has been established for ELISA and developed platform-based detection for possible detection accuracy and validation useful for correlating the sensor response with ELISA test results and vice-versa for any target Aβ concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time reporting of Aβ detection using a GaN HEMT-based biosensing platform.