Bio-inspired stable antimicrobial peptide coatings for dental applications

Abstract

We developed a novel titanium coating that has applications for preventing infection-related implant failures in dentistry and orthopedics. The coating incorporates an antimicrobial peptide, GL13K, derived from parotid secretory protein, which has been previously shown to be bactericidal and bacteriostatic in solution. We characterized the resulting physicochemical properties, resistance to degradation, activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, and in vitro cytocompatibility. P. gingivalis is a pathogen associated with dental peri-implantitis, an inflammatory response to bacteria resulting in bone loss and implant failure. Our surface modifications obtained a homogeneous, highly hydrophobic, and strongly-anchored GL13K-coating that was resistant to mechanical, thermochemical, and enzymatic degradation. The GL13K-coatings had bactericidal effect and thus, significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria compared to control surfaces. Finally, adequate proliferation of osteoblasts and human-gingival-fibroblasts demonstrated the GL13K-coating’s cytocompatibility. The robustness, antimicrobial activity, and cytocompatibility of GL13K-biofunctionalized titanium make it a promising candidate for sustained inhibition of bacterial biofilm growth. This surface chemistry provides a basis for development of multifunctional bioactive surfaces to reduce patient morbidities and improve long-term clinical efficacy of metallic dental and orthopedic implants.

Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors

“…An outstanding reduction in bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius was observed on the biofunctionalized surfaces compared to the control group [141]. Another antimicrobial peptide GL13K was also coated on titanium surface, and found to reduce the number of viable bacteria [142]. Thus, it seems potential to develop antimicrobial biomaterials for dental applications.…”

Antimicrobial dental implant functionalization strategies —A systematic review

“…AMPs show low host cytotoxicity, and a low tendency to induce bacterial resistance and therefore provide a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics 142,179) . The cytocompatibility of AMP surfaces has been investigated towards osteoblasts and human gingival fibroblasts 37,153,156,157) . Despite technical hurdles, such as cost, chemical and biological degradation, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, several peptides have advanced to clinical trials, but not in the area of dental implants.…”

Implantatoberflächen und ihr Einfluss auf das periimplantäre Hartgewebe

“…β-Defensine sind kleine Peptide, die nicht nur antimikrobielle Eigenschaften haben, sondern auch die Proliferation von Knochenzellen in vitro steigern [86]. Ein antimikrobielles, auf PSP basierendes Peptid reduziert die Anzahl lebensfähiger Bakterien im Vergleich zu einer Kontrolloberfläche, ohne die Proliferation von Osteoblasten und gingivalen Fibroblasten zu beeinträchtigen [87].…”