Bio-inspired sensitive and reversible mechanochromisms via strain-dependent cracks and folds

Zeng, Songshan; Zhang, Dianyun; Huang, Wenhan; Wang, ZF; Freire, Stephan G.; Yu, Xiaoyuan; Smith, Andrew T.; Huang, Emily Y.; Nguon, Helen; Sun, Luyi

doi:10.1038/ncomms11802

Cited by 235 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Inspired by nature, camouflage and wound healing are two important skills for organisms to overcome danger . For instance, the cephalopods have camouflage and wound healing bifunctions due to the muscle‐controlled color changes and the reconstruction of proteins, respectively (Figure a) . Herein, we report a new type of bioinspired healable mechanochromic (HMC) material that takes advantage of the multifunctional nature of biological systems.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film

et al. 2019

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Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as‐synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain‐induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film

et al. 2019

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] The latter perspective has enabled engineering opportunities with self-adaptive/autonomous structures in low dimensions and has implications in many different contexts such as micro-/ nanofluidics, [14][15][16] flexible electronics, [17,18] adhesion, [19,20] organic solar cells, [21] tunable optics, [22][23][24] wettability, [25][26][27] and promising methods for surface patterning. [1,[28][29][30][31] While our scientific/technical understanding has advanced, there remains much to be explored about the control of instability morphology, and in particular how to configure instabilities, such as wrinkling and creasing, to desired patterns with selective distribution covering the surface and bespoke thresholds for the formation and evolution of instabilities.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adfm201704228mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Configuring Wrinkle Pattern and Multiscale Surface Evolution with Structural Confinement

Wang

Cheewaruangroj

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Surface elastic instabilities, such as wrinkling and creasing, can enable a convenient strategy to impart reversible patterned topography to a surface. Here the classic system of a stiff layer on a soft substrate is focused, which famously produces parallel harmonic wrinkles at modest uniaxial compression that period-double repeatedly at higher compressions and ultimately evolve into deep folds and creases. By introducing micrometer-scale planar Bravais lattice holes to spatially pattern the substrate, these instabilities are guided into a wide variety of different patterns, including wrinkling in parallel bands and star shape bands, and radically reduce the threshold compression. The experimental patterns and thresholds are enabled to understand by considering a simple plane-strain model for the patterned substrate-deformation, decorated by wrinkling on the stiff surface layer. The experiments also show localized wrinkle-crease transitions at modest compression, yielding a hierarchical surface with different generations of instability mixed together. By varying the geometrical inputs, control over the stepwise evolution of surface morphologies is demonstrated. These results demonstrate considerable control over both the patterns and threshold of the surface elastic instabilities, and have relevance to many emerging applications of morphing surfaces, including in wearable/flexible electronics, biomedical systems, and optical devices.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] Inspired by the camouflage of cephalopods, there have been several studies of mimicking this ability. Light is reflected by the chromatophores, which consist of pigmentcontaining sacs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…

of chromatophores, which are pigmented organs. [5][6][7][8][9] Sun et al reported a deformation-controlled method to harness mechano-chromisms by using optical design. By controlling the muscles attached to their surroundings, cephalopods such as squids can manipulate their skin's transparency.

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confidence: 99%

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Squid‐Inspired Smart Window by Movement of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Asymmetric Confinement

Yang

Lee

Heo

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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of chromatophores, which are pigmented organs. Light is reflected by the chromatophores, which consist of pigmentcontaining sacs. By controlling the muscles attached to their surroundings, cephalopods such as squids can manipulate their skin's transparency. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Inspired by the camouflage of cephalopods, there have been several studies of mimicking this ability. [5][6][7][8][9] Sun et al. reported a deformation-controlled method to harness mechano-chromisms by using optical design. [5] Wang et al. showed an electromechano-chemical response of elastomers by using electric fields. [6] Yu et al. demonstrated the adaptive system inspired from cephalopods with thermochromic materials, [7] and Rossiter et al. used the actuation with dielectric elastomers to be used as an artificial muscle to modulate the transmittance. [8] Although they demonstrated possible applications for new types of display devices, complex fabrication schemes or mechanical signals would be needed. In particular, it is difficult to mimic the behavior of the muscles on the sacs in order to control the light absorbent area of the pigments within the sacs. Herein, we propose a simple method to manipulate the light absorption area by moving pigments within asymmetric structures such as pyramids to change the transparency. Magnetic nanoparticles are used as pigments to absorb light, and they move in the confined asymmetric medium. We exploited the refractive index matching of liquids and transparent polymeric structures to avoid refraction at their interface. We control the hysteresis of transparency (ON/OFF ratio) by manipulating the ratio of magnetic particles to the disperse media. Furthermore, we designed a structure for better On/ Off ratio and demonstrated this by using 3D printing methods. This function could be used for smart windows, which can tune the transmittance of the window. Figure 1a is a schematic illustration explaining the mechanism of the transparency change in the skin of squid. A squid has chromatophores containing melatonin pigments, which absorb light. When the pigments aggregate, the area of the transparent region is increased. Conversely, when the pigments are spread out, the area that absorbs light is increased, and the skin is not transparent. [4] In a squid, a muscle contracts and promotes release of the pigment, causing the changes in the transparency and opacity of the skin. In the ideal case, the pigments should spread and condense in two dimensions. However, there are few reports to mimic this behavior. We use a 3D design to The camouflage used by cephalopods is an interesting topic in biomimetics. Squid, part of the cephalopod family, have transformable skin that can be made transparent or darkened through control of the light-absorption area. This is achieved using a muscular structure. A smart-window scheme inspired by this is developed. Magnetic nanopigments dispersed within an asymmetric pyramidal array are used and the light-absorption area is manipulated through use of a magnetic field. Refractive-i...

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Bio-inspired sensitive and reversible mechanochromisms via strain-dependent cracks and folds

Cited by 235 publications

References 52 publications

Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film

Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film

Spatially Configuring Wrinkle Pattern and Multiscale Surface Evolution with Structural Confinement

Squid‐Inspired Smart Window by Movement of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Asymmetric Confinement

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