Bio‐Inspired Photoelectric Artificial Synapse based on Two‐Dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes Floating Gate

Abstract

The highly parallel artificial neural systems based on transistor-like devices have recently attracted widespread attention due to their high-efficiency computing potential and the ability to mimic biological neurobehavior. For the past decades, plenty of breakthroughs related to synaptic transistors have been investigated and reported. In this work, a kind of photoelectronic transistor that successfully mimics the behaviors of biological synapses has been proposed and systematically analyzed. For the individual device, MXenes and the self-assembled titanium dioxide on the nanosheet surface serve as floating gate and tunneling layers, respectively. As the unit electronics of the neural network, the typical synaptic behaviors and the reliable memory stability of the synaptic transistors have been demonstrated through the voltage test. Furthermore, for the first time, the UV-responsive synaptic properties of the MXenes floating gated transistor and its applications, including conditional reflex and supervised learning, have been measured and realized. These photoelectric synapse characteristics illustrate the great potential of the device in bio-imitation vision applications. Finally, through the simulation based on an artificial neural network algorithm, the device successfully realizes the recognition application of handwritten digital images. Thus, this article provides a highly feasible solution for applying artificial synaptic devices to hardware neuromorphic networks.

Realization of Enhanced Long‐Term Visual Memory for Indium–Gallium–Zinc Oxide‐Based Optical Synaptic Transistor

“…[ 14–17 ] Therefore, in order to improve the visual information processing efficiency, optical synapses are also developed where it has both the synaptic functions and the photo‐sensing abilities. [ 18–33 ]…”

“…Different types of devices, such as memristors, field‐effect transistors, and phase change memories, have been studied for the application of artificial synapses. [ 16,18,19,24–41,44 ] Additionally, numerous materials including but not limited to low‐dimensional materials, perovskites, oxide semiconductors, and organic materials have been applied to artificial synapses. [ 16,18,19,24–32,41–44 ] Among these, oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors show promising properties for optical synapses.…”

High‐Performance Memristor Based on 2D Layered BiOI Nanosheet for Low‐Power Artificial Optoelectronic Synapses

“…[ 53 ] Furthermore, it should be noted that the photocurrent serving as the PSC in the photonic synapse can be limited in the range of <4 × 10 –10 A triggered by 2 s light pulse at the read voltage of 0.5 V. This value is comparable with recently reported energy‐efficient photonic synapses and lower than most photonic synapses based on 2D materials, implying low‐power applications in photonic synapse. [ 54,55 ]…”

“…[53] Furthermore, it should be noted that the photocurrent serving as the PSC in the photonic synapse can be limited in the range of <4 × 10 -10 A triggered by 2 s light pulse at the read voltage of 0.5 V. This value is comparable with recently reported energyefficient photonic synapses and lower than most photonic synapses based on 2D materials, implying low-power applications in photonic synapse. [54,55] Figure 6g demonstrates the typical current response to the light sequences with each sequence consisting of 20 light pulses. The current gradually increases when stimulated by the light sequences, implying the fabricated device can be used to simulate human learning.…”

Gate‐Deterministic Remote Doping Enables Highly Retentive Graphene‐MXene Hybrid Memory Devices on Plastic

“…Among the 0D family, Ti 3 C 2 T X MXene nanoflakes have emerged as promising candidates for use in NFGs. [20,21] MXene is an emerging family of 2D metal carbides, carbonitrides, or nitrides, which involve two to five layers of transition metals intercalated by carbon or nitrogen layers. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Since the first exploration of Ti 3 C 2 T X MXene nanoflakes by Gogotsi in 2011, [22] MXene has been intensively studied to incorporate its remarkable properties in various applications including electronics, [28][29][30] energy storage, [31][32][33] electromagnetic interference shielding, [34,35] and water purification and desalination.…”