“…It has been shown that contaminations such as bacteria can cause nutrition competition and affect biomass productivity (Lian et al, 2018). Cell separation methods such as centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, ultrasonic acoustics, and fluorescence activated sorting are typically used to eliminate contaminations (Heaney et al, 1977; Al-Hothaly et al, 2015; Van den Hende et al, 2011; Bosma et al, 2003; Sensen et al, 1993). However, these traditional cell separation methods have several limitations such as cell damage, labor-intensive processing, high expense, difficulty in scaling, and contamination from reagents used in processing.…”