Bio-Efficacy of Neonicotinoids and Insect Growth Regulators against Bemicia tabaci Genn. on Solanum Melongena L.

Efficacy of biorational insecticides against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and their selectivity for its parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan on Bt cotton

“…This study also confirms that the tested IGRs proved effective against B. tabaci, causing a significantly higher reduction in its population (36.92-73.21%) up to 168 days (1 week). The observation on population reduction of B. tabaci in the field continued only for 168 h; hence, significant efficacy of IGRs reported for many weeks (2-5 weeks) by researchers 65,66 cannot be discussed. The reduction in the whitefly population in the field up to 72 h PAEI may be attributed to a decrease in fecundity and egg-hatching as well as the mortality of nymphal stages during ecdysis due to IGRs 4,65,66 .…”

“…The observation on population reduction of B. tabaci in the field continued only for 168 h; hence, significant efficacy of IGRs reported for many weeks (2-5 weeks) by researchers 65,66 cannot be discussed. The reduction in the whitefly population in the field up to 72 h PAEI may be attributed to a decrease in fecundity and egg-hatching as well as the mortality of nymphal stages during ecdysis due to IGRs 4,65,66 . The reduction in the efficacy of tested IGRs against B. tabaci at 168 days (1 week) in the present field study is attributed to prolonged exposure (168 days) of residues of applied IGRs to adverse field-experimental conditions (> 40 °C, < 55% RH), which result in steady photo-degradation (photolysis) of IGRs residues on the crop.…”

“…The results of commercial-scale field studies confirm that IGRs have very slow lethal impacts during the initial few hours of exposure. These lethal effects gradually increase and become significant within 1–3 weeks of post-application intervals because IGRs cause mortality in immature stages of B. tabaci only during ecdysis not before it 4 , 65 , 66 . The lethal effects of IGRs only on ecdysis of B. tabaci immatures are the possible reason behind the higher reduction in pest population during the longer post-exposure interval.…”

Insecticidal and Inhibitory Potential of Two Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors, Buprofezin and Lufenuron on Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias Vittella

“…As alternate of synthetic broad-spectrum insecticides, two potential chitin synthesis inhibitors were tested against the lepidopteran insect, okra shoot and fruit borer under laboratory condition. It is well reported that insect growth regulators are highly potential against sucking insects like jassids, whiteflies, aphid etc but very limited works has been found on lepidopteran larvae Saleem et al, 2018;Saleem and Akbar, 2019). This study clearlry documented that Award 40 SC (Buprofezin) and Heron 5 EC (Lufenuron) are moderately effective against okra shoot and fruit borer larvae.…”

“…Higher animals that do not produce chitin might not be affected by this chemical (Wright, 2010). Several studies have been conducted on the effcet of CSIs on the mortality as well body weight reduction of sucking insects like jassids, whitefly, aphids etc (Gogi et al, 2006;Saleem and Akbar, 2019). But very few studies were done on the effects of CSIs on lepidopteran insect mortality or deformations.…”