Bio-detoxification of Jatropha curcas seed cake by Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract

The detoxification of Jatropha curcas seed cake is of major interest for the biodiesel industry to add economic value to this residue and also to reduce the environmental damage caused by its inappropriate disposal. In this context, the treatment of this residue with white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, can be a viable alternative because it produces enzymes capable of degrading different lignocellulosic residues and toxic compounds. In this study, the capacity of P. ostreatus to degrade phorbol esters found in Jatropha seed cake and the potential to transform this residue in animal feed was evaluated. After 60 days of incubation with the fungus, the phorbol ester concentration was reduced by 99% (final concentration of only 2 x 10 -4 mg g -1 dry mass). This value is lower than the level observed in the non-toxic Mexican variety. Also, we showed that fungal growth improved some features desirable for animal feed, such as, increases the in vitro digestibility, decreases lignin and cellulose content and increases the protein content. Therefore, P. ostreatus is able to degrade phorbol esters found in Jatropha seed cake and has the potential to be used as animal feed.

Evaluation of Bio-detoxification of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Cottonseed Cake by Basidiomycetes: Nutritional and Antioxidant Effects

“…All other 5 fungi species grew in the assayed biomasses. Some authors have also reported the growth of white-rot fungi species, in pure biomasses of JSC and CSC and combined with other cellulosic sources for Pleurotus species (Oyster mushrooms), including Pleurotus pulmonarius [39,24,40], Schizophyllum [41], Fistulina hepatica [42], Panus lecomtei [3], and Ganoderma lucidum [43,3].…”

Review on Phorbol Ester Degradation of Jatropha Seed Cake for Its Use as Animal Feed

“…Biodetoxification of Jatropha seed has been done using white rot fungi [76], Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus nigricans and Trichoderma longibrachitum [77] and many other microorganisms have been used to inactivate the toxins and antinutritional factors in Jatropha kernel meal (table 2). Fermentation of Jatropha seed cake with P. ostreatus for 60 d Phorbol ester concentration was reduced by 99% [88] We hypothesised that there are such microorganisms in nature which have the potential of degrading all kinds of the toxins of the kernel cake at the same time. We obtained such a strain in our lab by a high throughput strain isolation and screening approach from soil and detoxified (100%) the kernel cake by an ecologically friendly submerged fermentation (SmF) by the newly isolated strain (unpublished data).…”