“…HR-TEM was used to ascertain the sizes, shapes, and crystalline makeup of the phytofabricated NPs, and the resulting electron micrographs exhibit that the Semal-ZnO NPs are spherical with an average size of 17 nm (Figures 3A,B,E), which is in line with the findings of some recent literature (Kamaraj et al, 2022;Sreelekshmi et al, 2023;Tejaswini et al, 2023;Yassin et al, 2023). The micrographs show a homogeneous distribution, but agglomeration of the Semal-ZnO NPs was also visible (Abdullah et al, 2023;Meena et al, 2023), probably owing to the elevated surface energy of the NPs and chemical makeup of the surfacebound capping and reducing agents (Abdullah et al, 2023).…”