Bio-derived sustainable aviation fuels—On the verge of powering our future

Derived cetane number (DCN) varies within jet fuels. With the expected prevalence of alternative jet fuels, additional variability is expected. DCN is usually assigned to fuels using ASTM methods like the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). Recently, there have been developments in chemometric techniques, which use Machine Learning (ML) to correlate infrared spectra of fuels to properties like DCN, density, and C/H ratio. These techniques have advantages over ASTM methods, and previous studies have shown high accuracies in DCN prediction. However, this accuracy is from high resolution measurements, making the equipment relatively large and power-hungry. Alternatively, nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors, despite having low resolution, are attractive because they can be compact, inexpensive, and power efficient. This study investigates the trade-off between complexity and accuracy and assesses the feasibility of low-resolution NDIR sensors to discern DCN by using ML models trained on real FTIR data and DCNs obtained from IQT. DCN predictions are made for blends of ATJ/F-24, CN fuels, and neat Jet A1, A2, and JP5, with an error within 10%. There seems to be sufficient variability in the near infrared range to discern DCN with a feasible number of channels, if they are narrow (60nm FWHM ). For the data set in the study, the performance of linear models is better than a non-linear model. NIR region beyond 1050 nm is found to be important in DCN prediction, primarily the regions consisting of the first and second CH overtones and the CH combination band.

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Synthesis and Characterization of New Organometallic Lanthanides Metal Complex with Promising Photo Physical Activities

Batouti,

El-Mossalamy,

Desouky

et al. 2024

Preprint

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New Schiff base ligand 4-methoxy salicaldhyde (3-hydrazonobutan-2-one) has been prepared. Molecular structures is characterized by elemental analysis, melting point.1H-NMR spectra (3.5 ppm-10.39ppm) confirmed protons and 13C-NMR confirmed carbons. New optically active metal complexes of Sm(III), Gd(III) and Tb(III) Schiff were synthesized in one pot reaction. Vibrational IR bands confirmed multifunctional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed microstructure of metal complexes. Good optically activity of solid complexes are confirmed from electronic absorption spectra. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed good crystalline structure of the metal complexes. Large absorption wavelength λmax.280–390 nm and intense phosphorescence bands up to 730 nm of metal complex enabled application in photo dynamic therapy for cancer cells by enhancing cell apoptosis. Metal complexes act by conversion oxygen in tissue into reactive singlet oxygen that destroy cancer cell. Low charge transfer energy: 2.59 eV-2.61 eV and high molar extinction coefficients ε 6×104 M-1cm-1 reflected good optical activity.

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Bio-derived sustainable aviation fuels—On the verge of powering our future

Cited by 4 publications

References 185 publications

Characteristics of Biojet Fuel

Characteristics of Biojet Fuel

Prospects for Low-Resolution NDIR Sensors to Discern Ignition Properties of Fuels

Synthesis and Characterization of New Organometallic Lanthanides Metal Complex with Promising Photo Physical Activities

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