Bio-Convection Effects on Prandtl Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Motile Microorganism over a Stretching Sheet

Abstract

This study aims to determine the heat transfer properties of a magnetohydrodynamic Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over a stretched surface in the presence of bioconvection and chemical reaction effects. This article investigates the bio-convection, inclined magnetohydrodynamic, thermal linear radiations, and chemical reaction of hybrid nanofluid across stretching sheets. Also, the results are compared with the nanofluid flow. Moreover, the non-Newtonian fluid named Prandtl fluid is considered. Microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine are just a few of the real-world applications of hybrid nanofluids. Due to the nonlinear and convoluted nature of the governing equations for the problem, similarity transformations are used to develop a simplified mathematical model with all differential equations being ordinary and asymmetric. The reduced mathematical model is computationally analyzed using the MATLAB software package’s boundary value problem solver, Runge-Kutta-fourth-fifth Fehlberg’s order method. When compared to previously published studies, it is observed that the acquired results exhibited a high degree of symmetry and accuracy. The velocity profiles of basic nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are increased by increasing the Prandtl parameters’ values, which is consistent with prior observations. Additionally, the concentration and temperature of simple and hybrid nanofluids increase with the magnetic parameter values.

Significance of the Coriolis Force on the Dynamics of Carreau–Yasuda Rotating Nanofluid Subject to Darcy–Forchheimer and Gyrotactic Microorganisms

“…Similar curves for the temperature and concentration field against Buongiorno's model parameters have been reported by many other researchers, and physically, the nanoparticle movement occurred due to the thermophoresis force, which caused nanoparticle movement from the hot region to the cooler region, and that is why heat transportation was faster at the boundary region. Similarly, the tiny particle random motion was faster in the base fluid, which elevated the Brownian motion to strengthen the thermal transport [7,8]. Figure 10a,b demonstrates the decreasing motile microorganism function χ(η) against the input of higher value L b & P e .…”

“…Similarly, Jothia et al [5] studied the efficacy of heat and mass transformation using the Dufour effect on unsteady MHD nanofluid flow over porous geometry. Many other researchers in similar fields have shown the usefulness of nanofluid flow in various situations [6][7][8][9].…”

Rotating Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation between Parallel Plates

“…Varun Kumar et al [ 40 ] explored the Arrhenius activation energy for hybrid nanofluid fluid above a curved stretching surface. Shah et al [ 41 ] used the Prandtl hybrid nanofluid flow with chemical reactions and motile microorganisms to study the bio-convection effects. Faraz et al [ 42 ] explored the multi-slip effect on axisymmetric Casson fluid flow with a chemical reaction.…”

Insight into Significance of Bioconvection on MHD Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow of Irregular Thickness across a Slender Elastic Surface

“…Habib et al [17] investigated the bioconvection and radiation effects on the time-dependent magnetohydrodynamics nanofluids across an expanding sheet. Very recently, many researchers work on bioconvection using various types of geometries [18][19][20][21].…”