Bio-ceramic coatings adhesion and roughness of biomaterials through PM-EDM: a comprehensive review

Al-Amin, Al-Amin; Rani, Ahmad Majdi Abdul; Aliyu, Aliyu M.; Bryant, Michael; Danish, Mohd; Ahmad, Aini

doi:10.1080/10426914.2020.1772483

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…However, a rapid cooling process results uneven shrinkage of the formed metal alloys, causing residual stress and micro-crack formation. The gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and so on, that are produced during the solidification process are released from the machined surface, resulting nanopores and foamy shaped surface [11,34,48,57,[60][61][62].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since HAp has excellent adaptation to in vivo and in vitro aspects, it possesses superior biocompatibility and osseointegration, which lead to regeneration of the hard tissues. Compared to other bio-ceramics, the abatement potentiality of both the flammable impacts and the adverse chemical reactions in the body by utilizing the HAp-based coating is higher [9,48,[62][63][64][65]. Consequently, a HAp-based coating is proposed as a perfect candidate for enhancing the biocompatibility, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion resistance of biomaterials.…”

Section: Hap and Its Influence On The Response Of Machined Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies reported a less than 2% bio-implant failure after following up for several years, assuring the clinical success of the HA powder (HAp) in biomedical applications [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. However, sudden failure of HAp-based bio-implants was reported recently, due to deterioration resulting from faster dissolution of the HAp under body fluid conditions as HAp is brittle in nature and has poor crystallinity [47][48][49][50][51][52]. Researchers have been investigating the effects of a HAp mixed-EDM process on modified surface characteristics over the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

et al. 2021

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Together, 316L steel, magnesium-alloy, Ni-Ti, titanium-alloy, and cobalt-alloy are commonly employed biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical characteristics and resistance to corrosion, even though at times they can be incompatible with the body. This is attributed to their poor biofunction, whereby they tend to release contaminants from their attenuated surfaces. Coating of the surface is therefore required to mitigate the release of contaminants. The coating of biomaterials can be achieved through either physical or chemical deposition techniques. However, a newly developed manufacturing process, known as powder mixed-electro discharge machining (PM-EDM), is enabling these biomaterials to be concurrently machined and coated. Thermoelectrical processes allow the migration and removal of the materials from the machined surface caused by melting and chemical reactions during the machining. Hydroxyapatite powder (HAp), yielding Ca, P, and O, is widely used to form biocompatible coatings. The HAp added-EDM process has been reported to significantly improve the coating properties, corrosion, and wear resistance, and biofunctions of biomaterials. This article extensively explores the current development of bio-coatings and the wear and corrosion characteristics of biomaterials through the HAp mixed-EDM process, including the importance of these for biomaterial performance. This review presents a comparative analysis of machined surface properties using the existing deposition methods and the EDM technique employing HAp. The dominance of the process factors over the performance is discussed thoroughly. This study also discusses challenges and areas for future research.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hap and Its Influence On The Response Of Machined Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The process is also recommended to fabricate the bio-implants owing to its favorable results in orthopedic fields [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The input process parameters namely pulse-on-time, pulse-off-time, current, dielectric medium, spark gap voltage, type of electrode and polarity (negative or positive) play a momentous role in the machining of diverse materials [ 8 , 9 ]. The optimum set of these machining performance parameters has promisingly enhanced the material removal rate and efficiently improves the surface properties [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characterization and Tribological Performance Analysis of Electric Discharge Machined Duplex Stainless Steel

et al. 2020

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The present article focused on the surface characterization of electric discharge machined duplex stainless steel (DSS-2205) alloy with three variants of electrode material (Graphite, Copper-Tungsten and Tungsten electrodes). Experimentation was executed as per Taguchi L18 orthogonal array to inspect the influence of electric discharge machining (EDM) parameters on the material removal rate and surface roughness. The results revealed that the discharge current (contribution: 45.10%), dielectric medium (contribution: 18.24%) majorly affects the material removal rate, whereas electrode material (contribution: 38.72%), pulse-on-time (contribution: 26.11%) were the significant parameters affecting the surface roughness. The machined surface at high spark energy in EDM oil portrayed porosity, oxides formation, and intermetallic compounds. Moreover, a pin-on-disc wear analysis was executed and the machined surface exhibits 70% superior wear resistance compared to the un-machined sample. The surface thus produced also exhibited improved surface wettability responses. The outcomes depict that EDMed DSS alloy can be considered in the different biomedical and industrial applications.

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“…This was induced after cessation of a discharge, which leads a surface embedded with added fine particles [ 12 ]. This technique significantly affects the surface characteristics of the modified surface, such as morphological structure and chemical compositional analysis [ 13 ]. Moreover, the surface produced by EDT exhibited superior corrosion-resistance, wear-resistance as compared to the untreated substrate material, and promoted bioactivity [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Using CNTs Mixed Electro-Discharge Process

Singh¹,

Ablyaz

Шлыков

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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This paper presents wear and corrosion resistance analysis of carbon nanotubes coated with Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by electro-discharge treatment. The reported work is carried out using Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array to design the experimental matrix by varying five input process parameters i.e., dielectric medium (plain dielectric, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed dielectric), current (1–4 A), pulse-on-time (30–60 µs), pulse-off-time (60–120 µs), and voltage (30–50 V). The output responses are assessed in terms of microhardness and surface roughness of the treated specimen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the coated sample reveal the formation of intermetallic compounds, oxides, and carbides, whereas surface morphology is observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For the purpose of the in-vitro wear behavior of treated samples, the surface with superior microhardness values in plain dielectric and MWCNTs mixed dielectric is compared using a pin-on-disc type wear test. Furthermore, electrochemical corrosion test is also conducted to portray the dominance of treated substrate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biomedical applications. It is concluded that the wear-resistant and the corrosion protection efficiency of the MWCNTs treated substrate enhanced to 95%, and 96.63%, respectively.

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Bio-ceramic coatings adhesion and roughness of biomaterials through PM-EDM: a comprehensive review

Cited by 57 publications

References 196 publications

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

Surface Characterization and Tribological Performance Analysis of Electric Discharge Machined Duplex Stainless Steel

Enhancing Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Using CNTs Mixed Electro-Discharge Process

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