Bio-based polyurethane foams toward applications beyond thermal insulation

Gama, Nuno; Soares, Belinda; Freire, Carmen S.R.; Silva, Rui; Neto, Carlos Pascoal; Barros‐Timmons, Ana; Ferreira, Artur

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.032

Cited by 137 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…With growing concern for environmental protection and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, numerous efforts have focused on the substitution of petro-based polyols with bio-based polyols, such as vegetable oil (Zhang and Kessler 2015), and bio-polyol derived from lignocellulosic biomass (Liang et al 2006;Kumar et al 2015). It has been demonstrated that the PU foams made from bio-polyol are comparable to petro-based ones (Gama et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Analysis of Polyurethane Foams Made from Microwave Liquefaction Bio-Polyols with and Without Solid Residue

Huang¹,

Hoop²,

Peng³

et al. 2018

BioResources

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The thermal stabilities of bio-based polyurethane (PU) foams made from liquefaction bio-polyols with and without solid residue were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) was subjected to microwave liquefaction at different reaction temperatures to characterize the variations of bio-polyol and solid residue with temperature. The results indicated that the solid residue decreased when the temperature increased from 120 °C to 160 °C, while it increased slightly when further increasing temperature to 200 °C. The hydroxyl number decreased with increased reaction temperature. The TGA of PU foams demonstrated that the use of liquefaction bio-polyol with and without solid residue to produce PU foam increased the thermal stability of biofoams as compared with petro-based foam. Moreover, the presence of solid residue in bio-polyol enhanced the thermal stability of biofoams. The FTIR analysis of PU foams suggested that the solid residue had a negative effect on the formation of urethane bonds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability Analysis of Polyurethane Foams Made from Microwave Liquefaction Bio-Polyols with and Without Solid Residue

Huang¹,

Hoop²,

Peng³

et al. 2018

BioResources

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“…In fact, throughout its liquefaction products rich in hydroxyl groups are obtained. Being extremely reactive, they can be readily used as starting materials for the production of environmental friendly polymeric products [6,7]. Polyurethane industry has been exploiting them in the formulation of new materials [4,6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

RG¹,

Mateus²

2015

Ind Eng Manage

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Cork wastes and by-products were used as raw materials to access sustainable biopolyols in a fast and clean manner. Contributing for the mitigation of a residue recorded as industrial residues in the European waste catalogue and hazardous waste list reducing, therefore, its environmental impact. Cork powder resulting from the cork industry as a waste and/or by-products with no commercial value was subjected to liquefaction in 2-ethyl hexanol/DEG in the presence of p-toluene sulfuric acid. Microwave radiation was used as the heating source. Pulsed microwaves from 150-300 W power were applied for 5-20 min. This alternative energy source was successfully applied leading to a high conversion of cork powder into liquid biopolyols. The efficiency of liquefaction increased with higher microwave power and shorter reaction time. This study evidenced that cork powder can be liquidized via microwave. ATR experiments indicated that microwave led to a more intense oxidized cleavage of the lignocellulosic material and more extensive liquefaction reaction when compared to the conventional procedure.

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“…[5] Human have created numerous lightweight cellular materials, including honeycombs, [6,7] aerogels, [8][9][10] foams, [11][12][13][14][15] microlattices. [16] Microlattices are a new class of cellular materials possessing lower density and better mechanical performance than traditional random foams, because of the order and periodicity in structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Diamond‐Structured Polymer Microlattices Coated with the Silicon Nitride Film

et al. 2015

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Inspired by crystal structures of the diamond and polymer/ceramic core-shell structures of hard biological materials, diamond-structured polymer/SiN microlattices with enhanced mechanical properties have been fabricated by 3D printing and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. It is found that the compressive strength of the resultant microlattices improves with increasing silicon nitride film thickness and can reach 1.95 MPa at the thickness of 400 nm, which is 3.4 times higher than the pure polymer, but a little increase of 4.8% in density, which is only 169.2 kg m À3 . The work may provide a simplified and feasible avenue to improve the strength of low density materials.Lightweight cellular materials have wide applications in fields of aerospace, transportation, and architecture, due to their unique properties such as acoustic absorption, [1,2] energy absorption, [3] thermal insulation, [4] and shock or vibration damping. [5] Human have created numerous lightweight cellular materials, including honeycombs, [6,7] aerogels, [8][9][10] foams, [11][12][13][14][15] microlattices. [16] Microlattices are a new class of cellular materials possessing lower density and better mechanical performance than traditional random foams, because of the order and periodicity in structure. There have been many studies on microlattices with different constituent, like polymer, [17,18] metal, [19][20][21] ceramic, [22][23][24][25] and graphene. [26] The structure of lattices is formed by repeating a unit cell with specific geometry periodically in three dimensions, so, the density and mechanical performance of the lattices depend strongly on the cell geometry including shape, size, and structural hierarchy. [27][28][29] Among common topologies used to produce structure materials, the diamond structure is preferred for attaining high strength and lower density materials for its special configuration, which exhibits high spatial symmetry and strong stability to resist deformation. [30][31][32] The strength of lattice materials is determined not only by the architecture but also by the constituent materials. Among numerous engineering materials, ceramics have the highest strength and stiffness. Furthermore, silicon nitride is one of the materials with highest hardness in nature, which belongs to atomic crystal. However, ceramics are limited for applications because of their brittleness. During the process of hundreds of million years of evolution, nature has already developed the ability to turn brittleness into toughness by combining ceramic and organic matter into hybrid composites, which exhibit much enhanced strength in comparison to their constituents. [33,34] Examples include wood, [1] bone, [35,36] sponge, [37] nacre, [38] crustaceans, and exoskeleton of arthropods. [39,40] As a typical example, crustacean cuticle was formed from a chitin-protein organic template, mineralized by calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, resulting a composite structure comprised of organic core and inorganic shell, whose stiffness (>5 G...

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Bio-based polyurethane foams toward applications beyond thermal insulation

Cited by 137 publications

References 31 publications

Thermal Stability Analysis of Polyurethane Foams Made from Microwave Liquefaction Bio-Polyols with and Without Solid Residue

Thermal Stability Analysis of Polyurethane Foams Made from Microwave Liquefaction Bio-Polyols with and Without Solid Residue

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

Mechanical Properties of Diamond‐Structured Polymer Microlattices Coated with the Silicon Nitride Film

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