Bio-Based Non-Isocyanate Urethane Derived from Plant Oil

Cyclic Carbonates Based on Vegetable Oils

“…These data are especially interesting if to consider them from the point of view of the choice of substratum for carbonation. Based on Bähr, Mahendran and colleagues [5] were engaged in ELSO carbonation as well, their results also testify to side reactions (MM of the product almost twice exceeds the theoretical value) ( Table 2). The generalized data on processes of EVO carbonation at the increased pressure presented in Table 3.…”

“…The third group includes processes in the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCD) environment. It should be noted that in some works the CCVO synthesis was considered as the stage to receive raw materials for NIPU and, thus, a little attention was paid to the study of carbonation process [5].…”

“…The main part of researches is devoted to epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) carbonation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], in some works the epoxidized linseed oil (ELSO) [5,13] is used. Such choice is defined by the availability of these oils which are large-capacity products [14], they are widely applied at halogenated polymers processing (for example, polyvinylchloride).…”

“…Despite the wide range of catalysts, applied to obtain CC [1,2,4], catalytic systems on the basis of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) have become widely applied for CCVO synthesis [5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13]15], they are a large-capacity industrial product. The optimum of TBAB dosage is 2÷7 mol %, as relating to epoxy groups of a substrate.…”

“…The first work on the receiving of CCVO was carried out at the atmospheric pressure [6] in 2004. In the following years the carbonation of epoxidized oils at the atmospheric pressure was carried out by a number of researchers [5][6][7][8][9]13], who noted a considerable period of time (as a rule, some days) necessary for the achievement of high values of EG oil conversion, and the fast growth of viscosity in the process of carbonation.…”