“…Tumor gaseous biomarkers are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by cancer cells mainly as a result of cell metabolic process alterations [ 3 ] and cell plasma membrane peroxidation [ 4 ]. The identification of VOCs exhaled by human body fluids (as urine [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], breath [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], blood [ 16 , 17 ], and feces [ 18 , 19 ]), exploiting a low invasive technique, is crucial to detect tumor formations, minimizing the collateral effects and injuries to the patients [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In previous studies of this research team, patented devices based on nanostructured chemoresistive gas sensors technology, developed in Laboratorio Sensori of the University of Ferrara, have been designed and manufactured to analyze feces exhalation for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, blood exhalations for tumor post-surgical and post-treatment monitoring, and CRC tissue exhalations [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”