Binuclear copper(II) complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA binding and in silico studies

Abstract

Two new binuclear Cu(II) complexes represented by the general formula {(dmso)Cu(µ-L)4Cu(dmso)} (1) and {(Phen)(L)Cu(µ-L)2Cu(L)(Phen)} (2) where dmso = dimethyl sulphoxide, L = 2-bromophenyl acetate and Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized, isolated quantitatively and characterized by UV/Visible and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis and X-ray single crystal XRD studies. Complex 1 is paddlewheel with 1,2-O,O-bridging while 2 has 1,1-O-bridging. The values of the intrinsic binding constants with DNA were found out to be 2.0×10 3 and 1.1×10 3 M -1 , respectively for compound 1 and 2. The mode of interaction of complexes with DNA was also evaluated through computational study by molecular docking (in silico) study using MOE (molecular operating environment) software. The synthesized complexes are structurally as well as biologically important.

Copper(II) and silver(I)-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione complexes interact with double-stranded DNA: further evidence of their apparent multi-modal activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…2.8 × 10 5 and 2.6 × 10 6 M −1 , respectively (note: K app = K e × 12.6/ C 50 , where K e = 9.5 × 10 6 M −1 and C 50 is the concentration of test compounds required to reduce the EtBr fluorescence by half). The binding constants are in line with a number of Cu(II)-phenanthroline systems previously reported [ 36 ] and it should also be noted that the influence of charge may play a role in the higher binding affinity associated with the Cu-phendione complex, which carries a 2+ cationic charge. Furthermore, the binding constant of Cu-phendione is similar to that identified for the minor groove binding agent netropsin tested under similar conditions but is an order of magnitude lower that actinomycin D (Table 1 ) [ 33 ].…”

“…Hydrophobic interactions were only observed between Cu-phendione and DNA molecules. Kamran et al [ 36 ] have applied computational methods to investigate the interaction of DNA and binuclear Cu(II) complexes represented by the general formula {(DMSO)Cu(µ-L) 4 Cu(DMSO)} and {(1,10-phen)(L)Cu(µ-L) 2 Cu(L)(1,10-phen)}, where L = 2-bromophenyl acetate. It was observed that both binuclear Cu(II) complexes formed H–π interaction with adenine and guanine residues of the DNA [ 36 ].…”

Docking Studies, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Interactions of Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes with S-Isoalkyl Derivatives of Thiosalicylic Acid with Some Relevant Biomolecules

“…Copper(II) complexes have been considered and suggested to be better candidates for cancer treatment due to their significant role in biological systems, having negligible or no side effects [14,15]. Mononuclear copper(II) complexes with the phenanthroline type of ligand show lesser affinities to DNA binding compared to binuclear copper(II) complexes [16,17]. In angiogenesis, copper appears to be involved in stimulating proliferation and endothelial cell migration, and acts as a cofactor for angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF, TNF-α, and IL-1) [18][19][20][21].…”