Binocular Vision in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Purpose Oculomotor disorders have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) in up to 80% of cases. There have been studies evaluating binocular vision in several neurological diseases, but not in MS. Considering that a high percentage of eye-movement anomalies have been reported, the aim of this study was to analyze binocular vision in these subjects. Methods A total of 59 participants with MS — 21 with monocular optic neuritis, eleven with binocular optic neuritis, and 27 without optic neuritis — and 26 age-matched controls were enrolled. Binocular vision was analyzed using near point of convergence (NPC), positive and negative fusional vergence for far and near distance, measurement of heterophoria at both distances with cover and modified Thorington tests, and random-dot stereoscopy. Results The percentage of subjects with abnormal NPC values was highest in the MS group, followed by the MSONm (MS with optic neuritis in one eye), MSONb (MS with optic neuritis in both eyes), and control groups. MS patients showed an esophoric trend at near distance. Positive fusional vergence showed no significant differences between control and MS groups, but higher variability in recovery was found in MS groups. Negative fusional vergence at near distance showed significant differences between the control group and the two MS groups, with optic neuritis for both break-point and recovery values. A high percentage of patients with MS had alterations on stereopsis. Conclusion Alterations in binocular vision were present in MS, with divergence at near distance and stereopsis the most affected parameters. Likewise, MS patients with optic neuritis showed worse binocular vision.

RETRACTED: Multiple Sclerosis Recognition by Biorthogonal Wavelet Features and Fitness-Scaled Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease, which can affect the brain and/or spinal cord, leading to a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with balance control ( Allum et al, 2021 ), binocular vision ( Gil-Casas et al, 2021 ), finger movement ( Viatkin et al, 2021 ), etc. MS is a lifelong condition, which occasionally causes moderate to severe disabilities ( Livne-Margolin et al, 2021 ).…”

Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) Performance in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Additionally, most patients of MS reported symptomatology such as blurring vision, oscillopsia, asthenopia and reduced depth perception, which are related to oculomotor disorders [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Binocular vision has also been found to be affected in MS patients [ 10 , 11 ]. These alterations cause impaired vision in MS patients, which can result in a significant reduction in their quality of life [ 12 ].…”