Binocular vision in glaucoma

Reche-Sainz, J.A.; Liaño, Rosario Gómez de; Toledano-Fernández, N.; Garcı́a-Sánchez, José Elı́as

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2012.07.006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, the suppression of central vision in distant vision, and a loss of stereoacuity. However, the study did not address the potential involvement of Mariotte's blind spot in binocular vision in these visual impairments [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions

Fujimoto,

Ikesugi,

Ichio

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The binocular Esterman visual field test (EVFT) of 120 points was the first method to quantify the defects in the binocular visual field. It is used in many parts of the world as a standard test to determine whether an individual has the visual capabilities to drive safely. In Japan, it is required for the grading and issuance of visual disability certificates. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the EVFT results. We studied 104 patients who had undergone the binocular EVFT at Mie University Hospital. Their mean age was 68.0 ± 11.4 years, and the best-corrected visual acuity of the better eye was 0.18 ± 0.38 logMAR units. The EVFT was performed twice on the same day, and the results of the first and second tests were compared. The mean Esterman scores for the first and second test were 89.3 ± 30.5 and 89.1 ± 30.2, respectively, and the test times were 338.9 ± 86.8 and 336.7 ± 76.4 s, respectively. The differences were not significant (p = 0.69 and p = 0.33). In the Bland–Altman analyses (second–first test) of the Esterman scores, the mean difference was 0.38 without significant fixed errors (p = 0.20) or proportional errors (p = 0.27). The limits of agreement within the 1.96 standard deviation were −8.96 to +9.45 points. The agreement rate for the most peripheral 24 test points was significantly lower than the agreement rate for the other 96 test points (p < 0.01). The agreement rate of the upper visual field was significantly lower than that of the lower field (p < 0.01). The overall reliability rate of the EVFT is acceptable, but the peripheral and upper test points have relatively low reliability rates. These findings are important for interpretations of the EVFT results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions

Fujimoto,

Ikesugi,

Ichio

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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“…Furthermore, glaucomatous visual field loss often occurs asymmetrically not only between two eyes 27 but also across the visual field. 28 This inhomogeneous nature of glaucomatous visual field deficits is assumed to result in the deterioration of binocular function, 29 which in turn impacts the performance of various everyday visual tasks, such as reading, object recognition, and visuomotor coordination. 30 – 32 Indeed, studies have shown that, even in early or moderate stages, stereopsis, convergence, and binocular fusion are significantly impaired in people with glaucoma compared to glaucoma suspects or normal cohorts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Despite Impaired Binocular Function, Binocular Disparity Integration Across the Visual Field Is Spared in Normal Aging and Glaucoma

Maiello

Kwon

2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To examine how binocularly asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage affects binocular disparity processing across the visual field. Methods We recruited 18 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 16 age-matched controls, and 13 young controls. Participants underwent standard clinical assessments of binocular visual acuity, binocular contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and perimetry. We employed a previously validated psychophysical procedure to measure how sensitivity to binocular disparity varied across spatial frequencies and visual field sectors (i.e., with full-field stimuli spanning the central 21° of the visual field and with stimuli restricted to annular regions spanning 0°–3°, 3°–9°, or 9°–21°). We employed measurements with annular stimuli to model different possible scenarios regarding how disparity information is combined across visual field sectors. We adjudicated between potential mechanisms by comparing model predictions to the patterns observed with full-field stimuli. Results Perimetry confirmed that patients with glaucoma exhibited binocularly asymmetric visual field damage ( P < 0.001). Across participant groups, foveal regions preferentially processed disparities at finer spatial scales, whereas periphery regions were tuned for coarser scales ( P < 0.001). Disparity sensitivity also decreased from fovea to periphery ( P < 0.001) and across participant groups ( P s < 0.01). Finally, similar to controls, patients with glaucoma exhibited near-optimal disparity integration, specifically at low spatial frequencies ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Contrary to the conventional view that glaucoma spares central vision, we find that glaucomatous damage causes a widespread loss of disparity sensitivity across both foveal and peripheral regions. Despite these losses, cortical integration mechanisms appear to be well preserved, suggesting that patients with glaucoma make the best possible use of their remaining binocular function.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, glaucomatous visual field loss often occurs asymmetrically not only between two eyes 27 , but also across the visual field 28 . This inhomogeneous nature of glaucomatous visual field deficits is assumed to result in the deterioration of binocular function 29 , which in turn impacts the performance of various everyday visual tasks, such as reading, object recognition, and visuomotor coordination 30–32 . Indeed, studies have shown that, even in early or moderate stages, stereopsis, convergence, and binocular fusion are significantly impaired in people with glaucoma compared to glaucoma suspects or normal cohorts 33–35 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Despite impaired binocular function, binocular disparity integration across the visual field is spared in normal aging and glaucoma

Maiello

Kwon

2022

Preprint

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Objective: To examine how binocularly asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage affects processing of binocular disparity across the visual field. Design: Case-control study. Participants and Controls: A sample of 18 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 16 age-matched controls, and 13 young controls. Methods: Participants underwent standard clinical assessments of binocular visual acuity, binocular contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and perimetry. We employed a previously validated psychophysical procedure to measure how sensitivity to binocular disparity varied across spatial frequencies and visual field sectors, i.e. with full-field stimuli spanning the central 21° of the visual field, and with stimuli restricted to annular regions spanning 0°-3°, 3°-9° or 9°-21°. Main Outcome Measures: We verified the presence of binocularly asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage by comparing—between the two eyes—the mean deviation values obtained from the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 test. To assess the spatial-frequency tuning of disparity sensitivity across the visual field of patients and controls, we fit disparity sensitivity data to log-parabola models and compared fitted model parameters. Lastly, we employed disparity sensitivity measurements from restricted visual field conditions to model different possible scenarios regarding how disparity information is combined across visual field sectors. We adjudicated between the potential mechanisms by comparing model predictions to the observed patterns of disparity sensitivity with full-field stimuli. Results: The interocular difference in HFA 24-2 mean deviation was greater in glaucoma patients compared to both young and age-matched controls (ps=.01). Across participant groups foveal regions preferentially processed disparities at finer spatial scales, whereas periphery regions were tuned for coarser scales (p<.001). Disparity sensitivity also decreased from the fovea to the periphery (p<.001) and across participant groups (ps<.01). Finally, similar to controls, glaucoma patients exhibited near-optimal disparity integration, specifically at low spatial frequencies (p<.001). Conclusions: Contrary to the conventional view that glaucoma spares central vision, we find that glaucomatous damage causes a widespread loss of disparity sensitivity across both foveal and peripheral regions. Despite these losses, cortical integration mechanisms appear to be well preserved, suggesting that glaucoma patients make the best possible use of their remaining binocular function.

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Binocular vision in glaucoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions

Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions

Despite Impaired Binocular Function, Binocular Disparity Integration Across the Visual Field Is Spared in Normal Aging and Glaucoma

Despite impaired binocular function, binocular disparity integration across the visual field is spared in normal aging and glaucoma

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