Binocular disparity only comes into play when everything else fails; a finding with broader implications than one might suppose

Pizlo, Zygmunt; Li, Yunfeng; Steinman, Robert M.

doi:10.1163/156856808786451453

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, the stereo parallax signals were stronger than the motion parallax signals; it is possible that, if we degraded the stereo information by adding noise, the motion parallax could have improved the recovery of 3D shape under binocular viewing. Although previous researchers have argued that stereo parallax plays a secondary role in 3-D shape perception (Pizlo et al, 2005(Pizlo et al, , 2008(Pizlo et al, , 2010, we find that observers performed best under binocular viewing. Pizlo et al (2005Pizlo et al ( , 2008 have re-introduced the concept of an abstract 3-D shape as separate from the physical object itself.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

The Role of Stereopsis, Motion Parallax, Perspective and Angle Polarity in Perceiving 3-D Shape

Sherman¹,

Papathomas²,

Jain³

et al. 2012

Seeing and Perceiving

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied how stimulus attributes (angle polarity and perspective) and data-driven signals (motion parallax and binocular disparity) affect recovery of 3-D shape. We used physical stimuli, which consisted of two congruent trapezoids forming a dihedral angle. To study the effects of the stimulus attributes, we used 2 × 2 combinations of convex/concave angles and proper/reverse perspective cues. To study the effects of binocular disparity and motion parallax, we used 2 × 2 combinations of monocular/binocular viewing with moving/stationary observers. The task was to report the depth of the right vertical edge relative to a fixation point positioned at a different depth. In Experiment 1 observers also had the option of reporting that the right vertical edge and fixation point were at the same depth. However, in Experiment 2, observers were only given two response options: is the right vertical edge in front of/behind the fixation point? We found that across all stimulus configurations, perspective is a stronger cue than angle polarity in recovering 3-D shape; we also confirm the bias to perceive convex compared to concave angles. In terms of data-driven signals, binocular disparity recovered 3-D shape better than motion parallax. Interestingly, motion parallax improved performance for monocular viewing but not for binocular viewing.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

The Role of Stereopsis, Motion Parallax, Perspective and Angle Polarity in Perceiving 3-D Shape

Sherman¹,

Papathomas²,

Jain³

et al. 2012

Seeing and Perceiving

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The result would be a pitting of the evidence of depth from disparity and the contrary evidence from perspective. Indeed, in naturalistic viewing conditions, with the availability of multiple cues to depth, the contribution of stereo information in the recovery of 3-D shape may be low [46]. Hence, symmetry in depth might be most effectively judged by cues other than, or in addition to, disparity-an additional source of task difficulty in the present experiments.…”

Section: On Task Difficultymentioning

confidence: 77%

The Perception of Symmetry in Depth: Effect of Symmetry Plane Orientation

Farell¹

2015

Symmetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The visual system is sensitive to symmetries in the frontoparallel plane, and bilateral symmetry about a vertical axis has a particular salience. However, these symmetries represent only a subset of the symmetries realizable in three-dimensional space. The retinal image symmetries formed when viewing natural objects are typically the projections of three-dimensional objects-animals, for example-that have a symmetry in depth. To characterize human sensitivity to depth symmetry, experiments measured observers' ability to discriminate stereo displays that were symmetrically distributed in depth and those that were asymmetrically distributed. Disparity values were distributed about one of four planes passing through the z-axis and differing in frontoparallel orientation. Asymmetrical patterns were generated by perturbing one of these disparities. Symmetrical-asymmetrical discrimination thresholds were lowest for symmetry about the vertical plane and highest for the horizontal plane. Thresholds for discriminating repetitions and non-repetitions of depth values did not differ across the four planes, whereas discriminations for depth gradients differed from both the symmetry and repetition cases. The heightened sensitivity to symmetry in depth about the vertical plane is a 3-D analog of 2-D mirror-image symmetry performance and could be its source.

show abstract

“…Rather than attempt evaluation of near-threshold disparities, for instance, a quick-and-dirty decision about relative distance from the observer may be made on the basis of familiarity with an object (Ittelson, 1951) or likely object shape (Pizlo, Li & Steinman, 2008). It has recently been shown that the visual system can learn new long-term biases, when presented with new environmental contingencies: Through an associative learning paradigm, the perceived direction of rotation of a perceptually bistable wire-frame (Necker) cube at stimulus onset becomes dependent on its retinal location (Haijiang et al, 2006; Harrison & Backus, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disambiguation of Necker cube rotation by monocular and binocular depth cues: Relative effectiveness for establishing long-term bias

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The apparent direction of rotation of perceptually bistable wire-frame (Necker) cubes can be conditioned to depend on retinal location by interleaving their presentation with cubes that are disambiguated by depth cues (Haijiang, Saunders, Stone & Backus, 2006; Harrison & Backus, 2010a). The long-term nature of the learned bias is demonstrated by resistance to counter-conditioning on a consecutive day. In previous work, either binocular disparity and occlusion, or a combination of monocular depth cues that included occlusion, internal occlusion, haze, and depth-from-shading, were used to control the rotation direction of disambiguated cubes. Here, we test the relative effectiveness of these two sets of depth cues in establishing the retinal location bias. Both cue sets were highly effective in establishing a perceptual bias on Day 1 as measured by the perceived rotation direction of ambiguous cubes. The effect of counter-conditioning on Day 2, on perceptual outcome for ambiguous cubes, was independent of whether the cue set was the same or different as Day 1. This invariance suggests that a common neural population instantiates the bias for rotation direction, regardless of the cue-set used. However, in a further experiment where only disambiguated cubes were presented on Day 1, perceptual outcome of ambiguous cubes during Day 2 counter-conditioning showed that the monocular-only cue set was in fact more effective than disparity-plus-occlusion for causing long-term learning of the bias. These results can be reconciled if the conditioning effect of Day 1 ambiguous trials in the first experiment is taken into account (Harrison & Backus, 2010b). We suggest that monocular disambiguation leads to stronger bias either because it more strongly activates a single neural population that is necessary for perceiving rotation, or because ambiguous stimuli engage cortical areas that are also engaged by monocularly disambiguated stimuli but not by disparity-disambiguated stimuli.

show abstract

Binocular disparity only comes into play when everything else fails; a finding with broader implications than one might suppose

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of Stereopsis, Motion Parallax, Perspective and Angle Polarity in Perceiving 3-D Shape

The Role of Stereopsis, Motion Parallax, Perspective and Angle Polarity in Perceiving 3-D Shape

The Perception of Symmetry in Depth: Effect of Symmetry Plane Orientation

Disambiguation of Necker cube rotation by monocular and binocular depth cues: Relative effectiveness for establishing long-term bias

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About