Binge Eating in Rats with Limited Access to Vegetable Shortening

Corwin, Rebecca L.; Wojnicki, F.H.E.

doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0923bs36

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, rats with recurrent limited access to sucrose, without food restriction or in combination with food restriction, can develop some behavioral and physiological characteristics, such as stress-induced binging and cross-sensitization to amphetamine and alcohol, which allowed consideration of these models as sugar "dependency" and a "natural form of addiction" (6,7,20,21). These data imply that chronic intermittent access to palatable food may contribute to profound alterations in feeding behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intermittent access to sucrose increases sucrose-licking activity and attenuates restraint stress-induced activation of the lateral septum

Martin

Timofeeva

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Martin J, Timofeeva E. Intermittent access to sucrose increases sucroselicking activity and attenuates restraint stress-induced activation of the lateral septum. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R1383-R1398, 2010. First published March 3, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00371.2009.-Intermittent access to palatable food can attenuate anorectic and hormonal responses to stress in rats. The neuronal mechanisms of modulation of stress response by diets are not fully understood. The present study was conducted to create rat models with intermittent access to sucrose that demonstrate resistance to stress-induced hypophagia, to study the pattern of sucrose consumption by these rat models, and to investigate in which brain structures intermittent sucrose regimens modify stressinduced neuronal activation. The obtained results demonstrate that 6-wk intermittent access to sucrose without food restriction (4 day/wk ad libitum access to sucrose in addition to chow, and following 3 day/wk exclusive feeding of chow; SIA rats) and combined with food restriction (4 day/wk access to chow and sucrose restricted to 2 h/day, and following 3 days/wk on unrestricted chow; SIR rats) increased sucrose-licking activity. The alterations in the rats' feeding behavior were accompanied by a resistance of their body weight gain and food intake to 1-h restraint stress applied once per week. The chronic intermittent sucrose consumption significantly lowered, in the SIA and SIR rats, the levels of expression of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor and restraint stress-induced expression of c-fos mRNA in the medioventral part of the lateral septum. Conversely, the levels of the corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor transcript in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus were decreased only in the foodrestricted SIR rats. The lower stress-induced neuronal activation in the medioventral part of the lateral septum may contribute to the attenuated anorectic stress response in the rats maintained on intermittent sucrose regimens. restraint stress; c-fos; corticotropin-releasing factor; hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis; corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor ACCUMULATED EVIDENCE STRONGLY suggests that palatable diets can modify the effects of stress. Thus a feeding regimen with an option of eating palatable sucrose and lard may attenuate hypophagic responses to restraint stress (48). Restraint stress applied acutely and repeatedly usually promotes anorectic effects in rats fed regular chow (24,74,77). The anorectic effect of restraint stress apparently depends on the brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, since the central application of the nonspecific CRF antagonist ␣-helical CRF considerably reversed restraint stress-induced anorexia (77). CRF is a key neuropeptide-regulating activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Activation of the HPA axis in response to stress has been extensively characterized. Briefly, exposure to stress activates the neurons in the parvocellular part of the paraventr...

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confidence: 99%

Intermittent access to sucrose increases sucrose-licking activity and attenuates restraint stress-induced activation of the lateral septum

Martin

Timofeeva

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Sensory similarity can be reduced further by providing a choice of palatable foods with different nutrient contents. A third experiment compared the overeating and weight gain with a sucrose option to that with other foods previously used to generate overeating: vegetableshortening [10,11,22], high-fat milk [2,24,49,51], and chocolate chip cookies [37,38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Ackroff

Bonacchi

Magee

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Recent work suggested that the energy intake and weight gain of rats maintained on chow and 32% sucrose solution could be increased by simply offering more sources of sucrose (Tordoff, 2002). In Experiment 1 this procedure was replicated but the effect was not: rats given one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water consumed as much sucrose as those given five bottles of sucrose and one of water. Adding different flavors to the sucrose did not increase intakes further in Experiment 2. The relative potency of sucrose and other optional foods was studied in Experiment 3. Sucrose solution stimulated more overeating and weight gain than fat (vegetable shortening), and offering both sucrose and shortening did not generate further increases in energy intake. Finally, foods commonly used to produce overeating and weight gain were compared. Sucrose was less effective than a high-fat milk diet, and offering cookies in addition to the milk did not increase energy intake further. The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice". KeywordsFood choice; Variety; Fat; Sugar The widespread availability of tasty, inexpensive, energy dense foods, which are typically rich in sugar and fat, is thought to contribute to the increasing prevalence of human obesity [e.g., 26,32]. A useful animal model for this phenomenon exists: laboratory rats overeat and gain excessive weight when offered a cafeteria of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods in addition to their nutritionally complete chow diet [e.g., 34,36,37]. Another potentially important variable in diet-induced obesity studies is the availability of food, e.g., the number of sources of food offered [43]. In confirmation of prior studies [e.g, 16,29,40], rats offered a 32% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water consumed more total energy (sucrose + chow) and gained more weight than rats given only chow and water. The surprising finding of Tordoff's study was that rats given access to five bottles of sucrose and one of water consumed significantly more sucrose and total energy than did rats given only one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water. This is seemingly a situation that mimics the human case of abundant palatable food, with a larger number of sources leading to greater overeating. Tordoff [43] suggested that this was related to the overeating observed in cafeteria studies.Beyond the contributions of sugar and fat per se, variety in the available foods and their flavors has been linked to overeating and obesity in humans and animals [e.g., 27,28,36]. Laboratory

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“…Because female hormones can affect food intake as well as immunohistochemical readouts, we employed male rats to avoid confound due to the estrous cycle. Further, we may recall that males and females, of same age and strain showed similar pattern of BE [29,36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…When the calorie consumption through HFSPD on the binge day consistently and significantly exceeded that on the non-binge days, the animals were considered conditioned to BE, as reported previously [29]. Rats displaying the intake of HFSPD within ±25% variation of the mean intake were included and those which did not show stable HFSPD consumption (N = 6) were rejected.…”

Section: Dietary Manipulations and Treatment Regimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of CART in feeding and reward circuits in binge eating rat model

Bharne

Borkar

Subhedar

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Binge Eating in Rats with Limited Access to Vegetable Shortening

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Intermittent access to sucrose increases sucrose-licking activity and attenuates restraint stress-induced activation of the lateral septum

Intermittent access to sucrose increases sucrose-licking activity and attenuates restraint stress-induced activation of the lateral septum

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Differential expression of CART in feeding and reward circuits in binge eating rat model

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