Binding Energy Referencing for XPS in Alkali Metal-Based Battery Materials Research (II): Application to Complex Composite Electrodes

Functionalization of metal oxides nanomaterial by different organic and inorganic species could considerably enhance the electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor. Here, we have synthesized and functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via organic compounds of E. cognate and then doped the synthesized nanomaterials by NiO following hydrothermal route involving the bioactive compounds. As synthesized ZnO@NiO was analyzed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy at nanoscale. The organic functional groups were delineated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. What is more, Tauc plot revealed drastically decreased band gap energy of ZnO@NiO to 2.48 eV resulting in an enhanced electrochemical properties. Therefore, organic framework derived ZnO@NiO nanomaterial was scrutinized as an electrode for supercapacitor by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclicvoltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. ZnO@NiO electrode demonstrated specific capacitance of 185 Fg −1 by cyclicvoltammetry, proposing its potential towards supercapacitor due to nanoscale particles and incorporated C, O, and N atoms of organic compounds. K E Y W O R D Sbio-template, low band gap energy, nanostructures, stabilizing agents, supercapacitor, zinc oxides: nickel oxide

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“…However, in the current study carbon also takes part in above electrochemical reaction at anode and cathode, respectively, as follow:

normalC + 2 H_{2} normalO \to {CO}_{2} + 4 normalH + + 4 e^{-}

4 H^{+} + 4 e^{-} \to 2 H_{2}

…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of NiO on organic framework functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for energy storage application

et al. 2020

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“…77,78 O1s spectra (scaling factor = 2.5) were assigned with the following contributions: ROLi (E b ∼ 531 eV), 79,80 surface O/CO 3 /O-C=O (E b ∼ 532 eV) 81,82 and C-O/O-C=O/OP(OR) 3 (E b ∼ 533.4 eV). 76,83,84 C1s spectra (scaling factor = 1) were assigned with the following contributions: C-H/C-C (E b = 285 eV), 85 89,90 the standard electrolyte suggests that more carbonate reduction had occurred in the first charge, which is consistent with the higher contributions from ROLi (E b ∼ 531 eV) 79,80 and surface O/CO 3 /O-C=O (E b ∼ 532 eV) 81,82 in the O1s spectra. To connect solvation structure with electrochemical stability, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of several coordination complexes were calculated.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Concentrated Electrolytes for Enhanced Stability of Al-Alloy Negative Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Chan

Tatara

Feng

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Replacing graphite with alloying Al negative electrodes would allow for the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries. However, large volume changes associated with the alloying/dealloying process often result in pulverization of the electrode and rapid capacity fade during cycling due to the continuous formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers and loss of electronic contact. In this study, we report that increasing salt concentration in the electrolyte to > 5 mol dm −3 led to enhanced capacity retention during cycling of Li-Al half-cells, which was accompanied by nearly constant impedance for the Al electrode in lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) 1:1.1 (mol/mol) superconcentrated electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that a potential hold in the superconcentrated electrolyte formed an SEI layer with a greater LiF concentration than in standard 1 mol dm −3 solution. This was supported by Raman spectroscopy of LiFSI solutions in DMC, supplemented with density functional theory calculations, which showed an increased driving force for the reduction of FSI − anions to form LiF from Li +-coordinated DMC complexes with increasing salt concentration. Therefore, the enhanced capacity retention and stability can be attributed to the stability of LiF-rich SEI layers which limit carbonate reduction and charge transfer impedance growth.

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“…The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out using an Alpha 110 hemispherical analyzer (VG Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and the Al K α line (1486.6 eV) radiation. The energy correction was carried out using C 1s line with the energy of 284.7 eV [43]. The integrated areas of different peaks were calculated by software CasaXPS.…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Acetylacetone Charge Transfer Complex towards Degradation of NOx under Visible Light

et al. 2020

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The improvement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2-based nanomaterials is widely investigated due to the tentative of their industrialization as environmental photocatalysts and their inherently low solar spectrum sensitivity and rapid recombination of charge carriers. Coupling of oxygen-based bidentate diketone to nanocrystalline TiO2 represents a potential alternative for improving the holdbacks. Formation of TiO2-acetylacetone charge transfer complex (CTC) by sol-gel route results in a hybrid semiconductor material with photodegradation activity against toxic NOx gas. In this research, the influence of the chelating agent acetylacetone (ACAC) content on the CTC photocatalytic efficiency under visible light was evaluated. A high content of ACAC in the CTC is not a decisive factor for efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. In fact, the highest efficiency for NOx degradation (close to 100%, during 1 h of visible light exposure) was reported for the material calcined in air at 300 °C with the content of strongly bonded acetylacetone not higher than 3 wt.%. Higher calcination temperature (400 °C) left TiO2 almost completely depleted in ACAC, while at the highest applied temperature (550 °C) a portion of anatase was transformed into rutile and the sample is free of ACAC. The analyses pointed out that superoxide anion radical (O2−) plays an active role in photo-oxidation of NOx. Our findings indicate that this CTC has both high visible light spectral sensitivity and photocatalytic efficiency.

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Binding Energy Referencing for XPS in Alkali Metal-Based Battery Materials Research (II): Application to Complex Composite Electrodes

Cited by 75 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of NiO on organic framework functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for energy storage application

Effect of NiO on organic framework functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for energy storage application

Concentrated Electrolytes for Enhanced Stability of Al-Alloy Negative Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries

The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Acetylacetone Charge Transfer Complex towards Degradation of NOx under Visible Light

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