Binder's syndrome: A narrative review

Abstract

The classical features of Binder's syndrome (BS) have been widely reported, yet there is a lack of information on diagnostic and treatment challenges. Therefore, we aimed to review the literature on various aspects, including the role of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of BS. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar using the keywords"Maxillonasal dysplasia", "Maxillonasal dysostosis", "nasomaxillary hypoplasia", "Binder type", "Binder syndrome", "Binder phenotype", and "OMIM 155050". In addition, the articles published in the English language from the inception of the database until June 2021 were considered. Results:The search of different databases yielded 958 publications, out of which 145 relevant articles were reviewed. The studies were categorised by year of publication, study design, and theme. Most of the studies were case reports (42%) followed by case series (19%). The most reported topic was based on different surgical techniques (42%). Finally, the results were synthesised into a narrative review. Conclusions:The need for a multidisciplinary approach involving clinicians from different specialities is highlighted. Future research is warranted to develop concrete clinical guidelines for the management of this syndrome.