Binder‐Free Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Yan, Xiaoxiao; Ha, Yuan; Wu, Renbing

doi:10.1002/smtd.202000827

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…[32][33][34] In addition, the traditional cathode preparation method is obtained by spraying a slurry mixed with additive carbon material and a binder on a flexible substrate, which could cause detachment of active catalysts from substrates caused by the gas bubbling/evolution during the reaction and repeated external deformations. [16,[35][36][37] Moreover, the addition of readily corroded conductive carbon and the insulating binder would cause a decrease in the cathode performance. [38][39][40] To this end, constructing a carbon/binder-free cathode by in situ anchoring the Co-N-C on the functional supports such as Co 4 N could simultaneously fulfill these challenging requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although significant progress has been achieved on cathodes, developing ideal bifunctional air electrodes that are active for ORR and OER is yet challenging for realizing highperformance flexible ZABs. [16,17] At present, the benchmark catalysts for ORR and OER are Pt-based and Ir/Ru-based composites, respectively. Nevertheless, their single electrocatalytic activity for either ORR or OER, scarcity, high cost, and declining stability limit their Zn-air batteries (ZABs) are very promising for flexible energy storage, but their application is limited to the primary battery.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

Liu

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

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the complex processes, low throughput, and high cost. [5][6][7] Among various novel flexible batteries, the aqueous rechargeable flexible Zinc-air battery (ZAB) with a semi-open structure is a promising candidate due to the high energy density of 1086 Wh kg −1 , high power density, low cost, environmentally friendliness, and high safety. [8][9][10][11][12] However, most of the reported ZABs are severely limited by the cycling performance and energy efficiency, resulting from the Zn dendrite formation and sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER). [13,14] Moreover, the long charging time of flexible batteries severely hindered their real applications for wearable electronics, and thus fast charging capability has become one of the key requirements. [15] The current application of ZAB is still limited to primary battery commonly applied in small devices such as hearing aids, let alone the fast-charging features. Although significant progress has been achieved on cathodes, developing ideal bifunctional air electrodes that are active for ORR and OER is yet challenging for realizing highperformance flexible ZABs. [16,17] At present, the benchmark catalysts for ORR and OER are Pt-based and Ir/Ru-based composites, respectively. Nevertheless, their single electrocatalytic activity for either ORR or OER, scarcity, high cost, and declining stability limit their Zn-air batteries (ZABs) are very promising for flexible energy storage, but their application is limited to the primary battery. Developing an efficient and non-noble metal cathode toward oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/ OER) is of great significance for the commercial application of rechargeable ZABs. Herein, a flexible self-supported integrated bifunctional cathode is presented in which the Co-N-C nanoparticles are in situ anchored on Co 4 N nanosheets via a facile and scalable strategy. Benefiting from integrated 3D architecture with adequate active sites, porous structure, high conductivity originating from the metal substrate, and the synergistic effects of Co-N-C and Co 4 N, the cathode exhibits excellent bifunctional activity (low overpotential of 275 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for OER, high half-wave potential of 0.833 V for ORR), and ultralong durability for ORR/OER in the alkaline medium. Impressively, this cathode enables the recyclable aqueous ZABs a record overall lifespan over 10 000 cycles at 20 mA cm −2 , and a superior fast-charging feature at an ultrahigh charging current density of 100 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, such a flexible integrated cathode can be directly used as a self-supported cathode for flexible solid-state ZABs, with excellent reversibility for 300 cycles, demonstrating its feasibility for practical application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

Liu

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, noble Pt-based materials are regarded as state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for the sluggish ORR. [6][7][8][9] Unfortunately, the scarcity, high cost, and poor stability hamper their commercial application. Tremendous effort has accordingly been devoted to exploring highly efficient and low-cost alternatives to Pt-based electrocatalysts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alloying Co Species into Ordered and Interconnected Macroporous Carbon Polyhedra for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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overall energy conversion efficiency of these devices. Currently, noble Pt-based materials are regarded as state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for the sluggish ORR. [6][7][8][9] Unfortunately, the scarcity, high cost, and poor stability hamper their commercial application. Tremendous effort has accordingly been devoted to exploring highly efficient and low-cost alternatives to Pt-based electrocatalysts. Among the various candidates, earth-abundant transition metal (TM)-based species embedded within nitrogen-doped carbonaceous support to form hybrid composites (TM@N-C) have received increasing attention owing to their unique electronic structure and synergistic effect.To rationally design TM@N-C electrocatalysts for the ORR, modulating the electronic structure or optimizing the geometric structure have been adopted to boost the catalytic process. The former strategy mainly involves heteroatom doping or alloying TM species to reduce the kinetic energy barriers and thus improve intrinsic activity while the latter strategy concentrates on the construction of the desired morphology and pore structure of the electrocatalyst to increase the accessible surface areas, ensure rapid mass transport to all accessible active sites, and provide structural protection. For example, Fu et al. synthesized an electrocatalyst consisting of NiCo alloy nanoparticles anchored on porous fibrous carbon (PFC) aerogels via Engineering non-precious transition metal (TM)-based electrocatalysts to simultaneously achieve an optimal intrinsic activity, high density of active sites, and rapid mass transfer ability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a hybrid composite consisting of Fe x Co alloy nanoparticles uniformly implanted into hierarchically ordered macro-/meso-/microporous N-doped carbon polyhedra (HOMNCP) is rationally designed. The combined results of experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the alloying of Co enables a favorable electronic structure for the formation of the *OH intermediate, while the periodically trimodal-porous structured carbon matrix structure not only provides highly accessible channels for active site utilization but also dramatically facilitates mass transfer in the catalytic process. As expected, the Fe 0.5 Co@HOMNCP composite catalyst exhibits extraordinary ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.903 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), surpassing most Co-based catalysts reported to date. More remarkably, the use of the Fe 0.5 Co@HOMNCP catalyst as the air electrode in a zinc-air battery results in superior open-circuit voltage and power density compared to a commercial Pt/C + IrO 2 catalyst. The results of this study are expected to inspire the development of advanced TMbased catalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.

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“…However, Zn electrode issues and oxygen-based electrochemistry (OER and oxygen reduction reaction [ORR]) with slow kinetics at the cathode seriously limit the communization process. 205 The development of an efficient air electrode and stable Zn electrode is necessary to realize high-performance rechargeable ZABs. 206,207 Oxygen electrochemistry reactions mainly occur at the triple-phase boundary where both electrolyte and gas phase are simultaneously in intimate contact with the air electrode.…”

Section: Oxygen-based Electrochemistry In Zn-air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anode:

(}, \begin{array}{l} Zn goodbreak+ 4 {OH}^{-} \leftrightarrow Zn {((), OH)}_{4}^{2 -} goodbreak+ 2 e^{-} \\ Zn {((), OH)}_{4}^{2 -} \leftrightarrow ZnO goodbreak+ 2 {OH}^{-} goodbreak+ H_{2} normalO \end{array}) Zn goodbreak+ 2 {OH}^{-} \leftrightarrow ZnO goodbreak+ H_{2} normalO goodbreak+ 2 e^{-}, E_{0} goodbreak= goodbreak- 1.26 normalV .

Overall reaction : 2 Zn goodbreak+ O_{2} \leftrightarrow 2 ZnO, E_{0} goodbreak= 1.66 normalV .

However, Zn electrode issues and oxygen‐based electrochemistry (OER and oxygen reduction reaction [ORR]) with slow kinetics at the cathode seriously limit the communization process 205 . The development of an efficient air electrode and stable Zn electrode is necessary to realize high‐performance rechargeable ZABs 206,207 .…”

Section: Different Reaction Mechanisms Based On the Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Zn‐based rechargeable batteries: Recent progress and future perspectives

Gaixia

Yang

et al. 2021

InfoMat

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Benefiting from the advantageous features of high safety, abundant reserves, low cost, and high energy density, aqueous Zn‐based rechargeable batteries (AZBs) have received extensive attention as promising candidates for energy storage. To achieve high‐performance AZBs with high reversibility and energy density, great efforts have been devoted to overcoming their drawbacks by focusing on the modification of electrode materials and electrolytes. Based on different cathode materials and aqueous electrolytes, the development of aqueous AZBs with different redox mechanisms are discussed in this review, including insertion/extraction chemistries (e.g., Zn2+, alkali metal ion, H+, NH4+, and so forth) dissolution/deposition reactions (e.g., MnO2/Mn2+), redox couples in flow batteries (e.g., I3−/3I−, Br2/Br−, and so forth), oxygen electrochemistry (e.g., O2/OH−, O2/O22−), and carbon dioxide electrochemistry (e.g., CO2/CO, CO2/HCOOH). In particular, the basic reaction mechanisms, issues with the Zn electrode, aqueous electrolytes, and cathode materials as well as their design strategies are systematically reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges faced by AZBs are summarized, and perspectives for further investigations are proposed.

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Binder‐Free Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Cited by 81 publications

References 216 publications

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

Alloying Co Species into Ordered and Interconnected Macroporous Carbon Polyhedra for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Aqueous Zn‐based rechargeable batteries: Recent progress and future perspectives

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Binder‐Free Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Cited by 81 publications

References 216 publications

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co4N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co4N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

Alloying Co Species into Ordered and Interconnected Macroporous Carbon Polyhedra for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Aqueous Zn‐based rechargeable batteries: Recent progress and future perspectives

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In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging

In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co₄N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging