Binaural Evaluation of Sound Quality and Quality of Experience

Quality of Experience in Telemeetings and Videoconferencing: A Comprehensive Survey

“…In previous models (e.g., [8], [250]), this QoE Formation process takes as input the results of a Perception stage. Considering the state-of-the-art in perception research (e.g., [251]), this step is considered to be a pull mechanism (see also [252]). As a higher-level cognitive process, the QoE Formation process is taking the relevant information, such as the perceived characteristics of the audio and video signals, from a pool of Perceptual Features, with the pool in turn being filled by the underlying sensory perception processes.…”

“…Further, in case there are communication-related impairments such as for example background noise, interruptions in the audio channel, or a generally too low volume, users may speak up and apply Lombard speech (on the Lombard effect, see [256], [257]), ask a non-intelligible participant to repeat what she or he said, or increase the volume of their audio playout. For further listening-related measures see also [252].…”

“…Such triggering may be based on information stemming from the Perception process: When the process fails to fully match the perceived, bottom-up sensory information with a number of top-down hypotheses [263], the person is becoming aware that something is missing or wrong, which in turn can trigger the person to pay attention and focus. Those mentioned hypotheses are stored in the person's memory and are referred to as internal references; the corresponding iterative sub-processes performing this hypothesis testing are referred to as Anticipation & Matching as a top-down process, and Perceptual Event Formation as a bottom-up process, see e.g., [8], [252], [28,Chap. 5].…”