Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot Study To Assess Psychologic and Physiologic Effects

Wahbeh, Helané; Calabrese, Carlo; Zwickey, Heather

doi:10.1089/acm.2006.6196

Cited by 92 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reticular system tries to maintain homeostasis in a natural way, controlling and maintaining sustainable states of brain wave activity all the time (unless you get external or internal information). Thanks to the fact that the frequency characteristics of the auditory signal and the frequency of brain waves are similar, the reticular system begins processing the information coming from the auditory signal, believing that the information coming in binaural tone comes of brain wave activity (Smith et al, 1975;Wahbeh et al, 2007). The term used for this synchronization process in the literature is "entrainment".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Binaural Stimulation on Attention and EEG

Crespo¹,

Recuero²,

Gálvez³

et al. 2013

Archives of Acoustics

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When two pure tones of slightly different frequency are presented separately to each ear, the listener perceives a third single tone with amplitude variations at a frequency that equals the difference between the two tones; this perceptual illusion is known as the binaural auditory beat (BB). There are anecdotal reports that suggest that the binaural beat can entrain EEG activity and may affect the arousal levels, although few studies have been published.There is a need for double-blind, well-designed studies in order to establish a solid foundation for these sounds, as most of the documented benefits come from self-reported cases that could be affected by placebo effect. As BBs are a cheap technology (it even exists a free open source programmable binauralbeat generator on the Internet named Gnaural), any achievement in this area could be of public interest. The aim in our research was to explore the potential of BBs in a particular field: tasks that require focus and concentration. In order to detect changes in the brain waves that could relate to any particular improvement, EEG recordings of a small sample of individuals were also obtained.In this study we compare the effect of different binaural stimulation in 7 EEG frequency ranges. 78 participants were exposed to 20-min binaural beat stimulation. The effects were obtained both qualitative with cognitive test and quantitative with EEG analysis. Results suggest no significant statistical improvement in 20-min stimulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Binaural Stimulation on Attention and EEG

Crespo¹,

Recuero²,

Gálvez³

et al. 2013

Archives of Acoustics

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show abstract

“…With time, the reticular system monitors the internal and external environment as well as the psychophysical state in order to determine whether there is a need for adjusting to new conditions. Unless there are conflicts, the reticular system continues adjusting the character, quality and features of the consciousness state to the information carried by the signals of binaural beats [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Binaural Beats on EEG Signal

Kasprzak

2011

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Binaural beats are subjective hearing sensations, which occur when one of tone signals is applied to one ear, and the other one, with a slightly different frequency is applied to the second ear. A listener then receives a resultant sound with an amplitude which changes with a frequency equal to the difference of frequency of applied signals. The aim of this thesis was to examine the influence of binaural beats on changes in the morphology of the brain bioelectrical signal. Verification of previous studies, such as stimulation of binaural beats affects the brain and can cause changes in other frequency bands. Previous studies have been conducted on individual leads and dealt with the occurrence of follow up effect. In the research there were used binaural beats with a frequency of f = 10 Hz. The left ear was exposed to a signal with a frequency of 100 Hz, and the right ear -to a signal with a frequency of 110 Hz, the acoustic pressure level SPL = 73 dB. The research was conducted on a sample group of 20 people. The analysis of average amplitudes of spectral density function of EEG strength signal proved that the exposition of binaural beats brought about a follow-up effect, which means that a component frequency in the EEG signal morphology was observed which corresponds with a frequency of the exposed binaural beats. It was also noted that during the exposition of binaural beats, there occurs a statistically significant decrease of average amplitudes of spectral density function of EEG strength signal for alpha and beta frequency ranges. However, it was observed that the amplitude of spectral density function of the strength has increased in theta frequency range.

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“…Binaural-beat is perceived in the inferior colliculus of the midbrain and the superior olivary complex of the brain- through the reticular formation up the midbrain to the thalamus, auditory cortex, and other cortical regions [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level and form of response, to some extent, is dependable on individual perception, which leads to changes in the cognitive and emotional state, known as "brainwave entrainment" [13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%