Binary Phase Behavior of Saturated-Unsaturated Mixed-Acid Triacylglycerols—A Review

Zhang, Lu; Ueno, Satoru; Sato, Kiyotaka

doi:10.5650/jos.ess17263

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As some exceptions, specific TAG/TAG combinations can form molecular compounds at certain compositions. [13,14] For example, Engström reported that 2-oleo-1,3-distearin (StOSt) and 1-oleo-2,3-distearin (OStSt) form a molecular compound with a composition of ≈1:1. [23] Zhang et al suggested that certain combinations of fatty acid moieties of TAGs resulted in specific glycerol conformations that support CF.…”

Section: Figure 2cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] Zhang et al suggested that certain combinations of fatty acid moieties of TAGs resulted in specific glycerol conformations that support CF. [14] However, such cases are rare, and since the TAG content in biodiesel is generally smaller than that of MAG, the effect of TAG/TAG CF on biodiesel CFP is considered limited. The European biodiesel standard EN14214 restricts the TAG and DAG contents to ≤ 0.2 wt% each and MAG content to ≤ 0.7 wt%.…”

Section: Figure 2cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TAG/TAG mixtures have been extensively studied and reported to not tend to produce molecular compounds, [ 13 ] with some exceptions. [ 14 ] However, studies on other combinations, such as DAG/DAG, DAG/MAG, TAG/MAG, and DAG/TAG, are limited. In this study, DSC analysis was performed on binary mixtures of acylglycerols mixed in the above combinations to determine whether the components solidify separately or form molecular compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Seniorita

Minami

Kawamoto

2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) are impurities in biodiesel and a major cause of precipitation. Understanding the behavior of such acylglycerols is essential for predicting biodiesel cold flow properties (CFPs). The previous study on MAG/MAG binary mixtures shows that they tend to solidify by forming molecular compounds. In contrast, TAG/TAG mixtures, which have been studied extensively, are commonly eutectic or monotectic systems, in which each component solidifies separately. The present study focuses on binary mixtures of DAG/DAG and different acylglycerol pairs (MAG/DAG, TAG/MAG, and DAG/TAG), and determination of their solid-liquid phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures are found to behave as eutectic or monotectic systems with no sign of compound formation. As DAG and TAG have lower contents than MAG in biodiesel and they are unlikely to form molecular compounds with MAG, it is suggested that DAG and TAG have little effect on the biodiesel CFPs. Practical Applications: Biodiesel has attracted much interest because its blending with conventional fossil diesel has become more standard with biofuel mandates. From an energy perspective, the solid-liquid phase behavior of acylglycerols will contribute to building prediction models for biodiesel CFPs.

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Section: Figure 2cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 2cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Seniorita

Minami

Kawamoto

2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The very first phase diagrams are reviewed in the work of Rossell [ 67 ], and even though their accuracy has been later discussed [ 63 , 68 ], they still deliver valuable empirical information regarding function-molecular interactions in binary mixtures of TAGs with diverse degree of unsaturation and molecular symmetry. Many systems have been re-examined and new ones reported over time using more refined sample materials and experimental techniques, together with theoretical models for describing the phase equilibrium in TAG systems [ 9 , 61 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the crucial role of synchrotron source light X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in our current understanding on the role of structural features on mixing states and the complex polymorphic behavior of TAG systems under kinetic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into the Solid-State Miscibility of Triacylglycerol Crystals

2020

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The crystallization properties of triacylglycerols (TAGs) strongly determine the functional properties of natural lipids. The polymorphic and mixing phase behavior of TAG molecules have long been, and still are, a hot topic of research with special relevance for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industry. To avoid the difficulties arising from the study of whole real fats, studies at the molecular level on mixtures of a limited number of TAGs has become an indispensable tool to identify the underlying causes of the physical properties in lipid systems. In particular, phase diagrams of binary mixtures of TAGs exhibiting a different degree of heterogeneity (monoacid or mixed fatty acids; molecular symmetry; the presence of cis or trans double bonds) have resulted in a significant breakthrough in our knowledge about structure–interaction–function relationships. The present work aims to provide an overview of the main reports regarding binary and ternary TAG systems, from the early studies to the most recent developments.

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“…Monotectic systems arise upon the mixing of higher and lower-melting TAG where the latter acts as a solvent as the former crystallizes. A fourth mixing state may occur in binary mixed systems if favorable interactions, such as methyl end stacking, occur between TAG giving rise to MC (Zhang et al, 2018). These MC possess thermal behavior that differs from that of their component TAG crystals (Bayés-García et al, 2015;Boodhoo et al, 2009;Kodali et al, 1990;Minato et al, 1997;Sato and Ueno, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripalmitin‐Driven Crystallization of Palm Oil: The Role of Shear and Dispersed Particles

West

Rousseau

2020

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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While palm oil (PO) is a reliable ingredient in formulations for biscuits, cream fillings, and compound chocolates, our understanding of its crystallization behavior and physico‐chemistry pales in comparison to many other fats and oils. Phase diagrams of triacylglycerol (TAG) mixtures may be used to elucidate fat crystal polymorphism and composition of such oils, yet conditions important to the food industry such as shear speed, relevant processing temperatures, and presence of secondary ingredients are regularly overlooked. Here, the effects of shear speed (n = 0–500 RPM), dispersion concentration (0–5 wt.%), and dispersed particle surface chemistry [silica or octadecyl‐functionalized (C18) silica] on the thermal properties of commercial PO when cooled from 60 to 20 °C at 1 °C min−1 were explored, with focus placed on PO's higher‐melting fraction. Using a series of high‐purity TAG standards, X‐ray diffraction revealed PO's higher‐melting fraction as mainly composed of tripalmitin (PPP) crystals and molecular compounds (MC) of PPP either with 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (POP) or with POP and 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐3‐oleoyl‐rac‐glycerol (PPO) in combination, all in a double chain‐length β' (i.e., β'‐2) conformation. Shear increased the formation of lower‐melting α‐2 POP and β'‐2 MCPOP:PPO:PPP crystals while depleting the system of β'‐2 MCPOP:PPP and β'‐2 PPP crystals. This loss was further exacerbated by the addition of dispersed particles to the point where PPP was completely incorporated as MC and β'‐2 PPP crystals were eliminated. While heterogeneous nucleation tends to favor kinetic products of fat crystallization, the interactions between shear and surface chemistry varied between crystal types.

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Binary Phase Behavior of Saturated-Unsaturated Mixed-Acid Triacylglycerols—A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

An Insight into the Solid-State Miscibility of Triacylglycerol Crystals

Tripalmitin‐Driven Crystallization of Palm Oil: The Role of Shear and Dispersed Particles

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