“…Adding substrate rotation (rotation angle, φ) results in another degree of freedom and the technique is termed GLAD, see Figure 1a [21][22][23]. As a result, films with complex architectures such as chevrons, nanospirals, inclined columns and branched nanocolumns have been grown [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] for applications such as optical sensors, pressure sensors, field emitters, gas sensors, photonics, wettability, and biocompatibility [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Films deposited using the GLAD technique tend to follow the Volmer-Weber growth mode [39], where the adatoms are more reactive with each other than with the substrate, and results in the formation of three-dimensional islands owing to higher adatom-adatom interaction.…”