Binary electrolyte based on tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether and 1,3-dioxolane for lithium–sulfur battery

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

“…Also, sulfur particles tend to agglomerate at higher contents reducing the overall homogeneity of the composition. The larger amount of polysulfides resulting from higher sulfur content might dissolve in the electrolyte and lead to an increase in viscosity of the medium that might cause a decrease in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte [36]. Sulfur particle size is reported to influence the electrochemical performance; smaller particles with higher surface area result in higher sulfur utilization [37,38].…”

“…Particles with high surface area and porosity yield better results since they can provide more electrochemical reaction sites. Choi et al reported the study with carbon powders of varying specific surface area (65-1500 m 2 g -1 ) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption number (174-510 mL (100g) -1 ) [36]. They observed that sulfur utilization depends linearly on DBP absorption number, but is not so strongly affected by the specific surface area.…”

Electrolytes for high-energy lithium batteries

“…Early reports showed that Li/S cells with organic liquid electrolytes displayed poor cycle life and low Columbic efficiencies. Cycling of a sulfur cathode results in the formation of various lithium polysulfides such as Li 2 S, Li 2 S 2 , Li 2 S 3 and Li 2 S 4 (Ryu et al 2005;Chang et al 2002;Yamin et al 1988). These polysulfides are soluble in the typical aprotic carbonate liquid electrolytes, resulting in dissolution/erosion of the cathode by the electrolyte upon cycling.…”

“…For example, tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Hamlen et al 2001), 1,3-dioxolane (DOXL) (Chang et al 2002;Wang et al 2010a;Jin et al 2003), dimethoxy ethane (DME), carbonates (Wang et al 2003(Wang et al , 2004a) and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ethers (PEGDME) (Ryu et al 2005;Wang et al 2010a;Choi et al 2008;Cheon et al 2003a, b;Ryu et al 2006a) have been investigated. Among these electrolytes, tetra(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether (TEGDME), a dimethyl terminated polyethylene oxide oligomer, has been found to be particularly attractive.…”

“…Among these electrolytes, tetra(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether (TEGDME), a dimethyl terminated polyethylene oxide oligomer, has been found to be particularly attractive. Without any efforts to modify the cathode, Li/S cells employing TEGDME-based electrolytes have been shown to provide specific capacities over 1,200 mAh/g during the first charge at room temperature (Chang et al 2002;Hamlen et al 2001;Ryu et al 2006a, b). Choi et al (2007Choi et al ( , 2008 reported on the performance of TEGDME/1 M LiCF 3 SO 3 electrolyte solution, which they compared with a variety of other electrolyte formulations.…”