Binary Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus 209P and Kytococcus schroeteri H01: Dualistic Role of Kytococci and Cell Adhesion Alterations in the Presence of the A-Type Natriuretic Peptide

Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin

“…Human hormones seem to trigger global physiological changes in cells and in biofilms. Recently, the complex effect of a number of hormones on monospecies biofilms and mixed-species communities of some human commensal bacteria has been shown ( Clabaut et al, 2021 ; Mart’yanov et al, 2021 ; Ovcharova et al, 2021 ; Diuvenji et al, 2022 ; Kiseleva et al, 2022 ; Scardaci et al, 2022 ). Our work on M. luteus C01 showed changes in the expression of seven genes in biofilms in the presence of 4.9 nM epinephrine ( Gannesen et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Recently, the term “matrixome” was introduced to define the chemical composition of the matrix and highlight its importance for biofilm maintenance ( Karygianni et al, 2020 ). Micrococcus luteus , as a regular part of the skin microbiota, can also form biofilms in different microniches of the skin ( Lange-Asschenfeldt et al, 2011 ), where it interacts with other microbes in a commensal community and participates in the maintenance of skin homeostasis ( Clabaut et al, 2021 ; Mart’yanov et al, 2021 ; Ovcharova et al, 2021 ; Diuvenji et al, 2022 ; Kiseleva et al, 2022 ; Scardaci et al, 2022 ).…”

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Acts as a Microorganism-Activated Regulator of the Skin Commensals Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes in Dual-Species Biofilms

“…However, for other hormone classes, there is a shortage of information. Nevertheless, the emerging data allow for the suggestion of the same conclusions for humoral factors such as neuropeptides [ 7 , 11 , 12 ], steroids [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] and natriuretic peptides [ 9 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Their impact on the human commensal microbiota started being systematically investigated by Prof. Marc Feuilloley’s team (namely Prof. Lesouhaitier and colleagues [ 20 ]). The studies that followed showed that NUPs are able not only to affect the metabolism of a mono-species bacterial biofilm, but also to regulate the behavior of the simplest bacterial communities—dual-species biofilms [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Moreover, this regulatory effect may not be so easy to detect and may depend on the presence of the second counterpart in the community [ 18 ].…”

“…The studies that followed showed that NUPs are able not only to affect the metabolism of a mono-species bacterial biofilm, but also to regulate the behavior of the simplest bacterial communities—dual-species biofilms [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Moreover, this regulatory effect may not be so easy to detect and may depend on the presence of the second counterpart in the community [ 18 ]. It was proposed that bacteria may potentially possess receptors of NUPs similar to those in humans, for instance, this was suggested for Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 21 ].…”