Bimodality of Latitudinal Gradients in Marine Species Richness

Chaudhary, Chhaya; Saeedi, Hanieh; Costello, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.06.001

Cited by 173 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Saeedi et al (in press) found that the latitudinal distribution of Solenidae was bimodal, with most species at the edges of the tropics. They suggested this may be typical for marine species in general, because such bimodality has also been found for taxa as varied as planktonic foraminifera and marine mammals [20]. The results of the present study show that this bimodality is likely to increase due to climate warming, and will result in increased species richness at regional scales because most species will increase their geographic range.…”

Section: Future Distributionssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Saeedi et al (in press) found that the latitudinal gradient of species richness in razor clams was asymmetric and bimodal, with more species in the northern hemisphere and a dip between 0° and −15° latitude. Chaudhary et al (2016) found this was typical for marine taxa, so razor clams may be a good model taxon for other marine species' biogeography [20]. Indeed, the biogeography of razor clams species' endemicity matched well that of marine species overall [21].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Modelling present and future global distributions of razor clams (Bivalvia: Solenidae)

2016

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Razor clams (Pharidae and Solenidae) are deep-burrowing bivalves that inhabit shallow waters of the tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas. Using 'maximum entropy' , a species distribution modelling software, we predicted the most suitable environments for the entire family and 14 Solen species to indicate their present and future geographic distributions. Distance to land, depth, and sea surface temperature (SST) were the most important environmental variables in training and creating the present and future distribution models both at the family and species level. In the present distribution models at the family level, the most suitable environment was where distance to land was between 0 and 100 km, a depth of 0-150 m, wave height of 5-7 m, a mean chlorophyll-a concentration about 0.7 mg m −3, and mean SST between 12 and 28 °C. Comparison with the future distribution models at the species level, found that most species were predicted to shift their distribution ranges poleward under the future environmental scenarios; i.e. species in the northern hemisphere would shift northward and southern species southward. Models also predicted that half of the species would expand their distribution ranges, 29% of species would not change their distribution, and 21% of species would shrink their distribution ranges under future climate change. Expanding geographic ranges would result in overlap in species ranges and thus greater species richness at regional scales. Model results predict that the mid-latitude peaks of species richness will move further apart, increasing the dip in richness near the equator, due to global climate change.

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Section: Future Distributionssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Modelling present and future global distributions of razor clams (Bivalvia: Solenidae)

2016

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“…For instance, studies conducted recently (Jones et al, 2012;Jones and Cheung, 2015;Anderson et al, 2016;Scales et al, 2016) have demonstrated that assembling multiple SDMs provides a framework to incorporate relevant model features such as uncertainty and agreement levels between model outputs. Some of the issues that are particularly relevant for marine SDMs are a consequence of data deficiencies in spatial or temporal sampling and biological data collection (Robinson et al, 2011;Costello et al, 2015;Chaudhary et al, 2016). For instance, spatio-temporal bias in global satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) measurements may result from many factors including variation in cloud density, water vapor and aerosol concentrations, and the lack of in situ data used in tuning the SST retrieval algorithms (Zhang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Marine-Based Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with Recommendations for Best Practice

et al. 2017

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In the marine environment Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have been used in hundreds of papers for predicting the present and future geographic range and environmental niche of species. We have analyzed ways in which SDMs are being applied to marine species in order to recommend best practice in future studies. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on the Open Science Framework: https:// osf.io/tngs6/. The literature reviewed (236 papers) was published between 1992 and July 2016. The number of papers significantly increased through time (R 2 = 0.92, p < 0.05). The studies were predominantly carried out in the Temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) followed by studies of global scale (11%) and studies in Temperate Australasia (10%). The majority of studies reviewed focused on theoretical ecology (37%) including investigations of biological invasions by non-native organisms, conservation planning (19%), and climate change predictions (17%). Most of the studies were published in ecological, multidisciplinary, or biodiversity conservation journals. Most of the studies (94%) failed to report the amount of uncertainty derived from data deficiencies and model parameters. Best practice recommendations are proposed here to ensure that novice and advanced SDM users can (a) understand the main elements of SDMs, (b) reproduce standard methods and analysis, and (c) identify potential limitations with their data. We suggest that in the future, studies of marine SDMs should report on key features of the approaches employed, data deficiencies, the selection of the best explanatory model, and the approach taken to validate the SDM results. In addition, based on the literature reviewed, we suggest that future marine SDMs should account for uncertainty levels as part of the modeling process.

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“…While the climatological patterns of marine biological factors were well known regarding latitudinal gradients (e.g., Chaudhary, Saeedi, & Costello, ; Macpherson, ; Rohde & Heap, ), studies exploring the seasonal climatologies have been limited to single variables at global scales, such as wave (Young, ), sea surface wind (Chen, Bi, & Ma, ; Young, ), oceanic precipitation (Chen, Ma, Fang, & Han, ) and the concentration of phytoplankton and/or ocean color (Alvain, Moulin, Dandonneau, & Loisel, ; Sapiano, Brown, Schollaert Uz, & Vargas, ; Swan, Vogt, Gruber, & Laufkoetter, ). Regional scale studies have examined more variables, such as salinity (Zamudio, Metzger, & Hogan, ), dissolved organic carbon (Pan & Wong, ), currents and eddies (Babu, Vethamony, & Desa, ) and ice cover (Petrich et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer and winter ecosystems of the world ocean photic zone

Zhao

Costello

2019

Ecological Research

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The increased availability of global scale environmental and biological data is enabling more objective, data‐driven, classifications of the oceans. However, comparisons of seasonal differences at a global scale have been limited to ocean color and derived variables. Here, we used long‐term averages of 18 ocean variables in summer and winter to classify the seasonal ocean surface waters through principle components analysis and k‐means clustering. We identified 11 distinct areas that fit the definition of “ecosystems,” which is enduring regions demarcated by environmental characteristics. Overall, the “ecosystems” retained their general distribution with latitude boundaries in each season, while there were some variations in latitude and some more complex differences. Of all the variables, temperature had the greatest importance and correlated with many other variables in both seasons. Some variables had uniquely significant effects on the classification in both seasons as well, such as calcite, land distance, depth, and surface current. Thus while the present seasonal classification is robust for available data, future analyses with variables not presently available may improve it. Nevertheless, the results indicate that species will need to either move or have adapted to live in greater ecosystem variation in mid temperature and subtropical latitudes where ecosystem boundaries move seasonally. In contrast, because conditions vary less in the tropics and polar seas, species in these latitudes may be more sensitive to climatic change.

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Bimodality of Latitudinal Gradients in Marine Species Richness

Cited by 173 publications

References 37 publications

Modelling present and future global distributions of razor clams (Bivalvia: Solenidae)

Modelling present and future global distributions of razor clams (Bivalvia: Solenidae)

A Systematic Review of Marine-Based Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with Recommendations for Best Practice

Summer and winter ecosystems of the world ocean photic zone

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