Bimodal distribution of <scp><i>T</i></scp><i>rypanosoma cruzi</i> antibody levels in blood donors from a highly endemic area of <scp>A</scp>rgentina: what is the significance of low‐reactive samples?

Remesar, Mirta; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira; Pozo, Ana del; Mayer, Allen; Busch, Michael P.; Custer, Brian

doi:10.1111/trf.13180

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The South American regions with the highest T. cruzi seroprevalence such as Gran Chaco, Argentina (> 20%) [19] and Bolivia (28%) [20], cannot be compared to our results because in these locations, complete vector control has not been achieved.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi antibodies in blood donors from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014

Slavov

Otaguiri

Pinto

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: American tripanosomiasis (Chagas disease), the second most neglected disease in the world, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Though natural transmission by insect vectors has been controlled, there is significant risk of T. cruzi transmission by blood transfusion in non-endemic regions, generally due to immigration processes from endemic areas. Methodology: The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-T. cruzi seroprevalence in blood donors from the western part of São Paulo State, Brazil, by serologic and immunofluorescence confirmation tests for the period between 2012 and 2014. Currently, this region is regarded as a non-endemic area for Chagas disease. Results: The confirmed overall T. cruzi seroprevalence among blood donors was 0.10%, which can be considered low compared to other Brazilian regions. Nevertheless, the distribution of the anti-T. cruzi antibodies within the examined region was uneven, and some areas of significantly higher prevalence were observed. Conclusions: We could consider two tendencies in the prevalence of T. cruzi: (i) residual older undiagnosed cases from São Paulo State, and (ii) immigration from endemic Brazilian or South American regions. The discordance obtained for T. cruzi prevalence by serologic and immunofluorescence methods demonstrates that more specific routine diagnosis is needed to diminish the cost of the assays and the loss of blood supply once all seropositive blood bags are immediately discarded.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi antibodies in blood donors from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014

Slavov

Otaguiri

Pinto

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Although the main route of T. cruzi infection is through the vector's bite, blood transfusion has been identified as an alternate route of infection, thereby increasing the risk of transmission via the transfusion from infected blood of people migrating from endemic to non‐endemic areas . In order to mitigate the spread of Chagas disease through blood transfusion, governments have put in place several policies and regulations to manage the process of blood donation and reduce the risk of disease transmission .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and geographical distribution of sero‐positive blood donors to Trypanosoma cruzi at the central blood bank of the National Medical Center “La Raza”

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease endemic to Latin‐America. It is estimated that 1.0 to 1.5% of Mexicans are infected with T. cruzi, which constitutes a potential risk of disease transmission via contaminated blood. New cases are being reported worldwide due to the migration of infected people from endemic areas. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serum samples were collected from donors at the Central Blood Bank of the National Medical Center “La Raza” from July 2008 to December 2015 and analyzed for T. cruzi antibodies using Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assays. Blood donors were classified serologically as either negative or positive for Chagas disease based on the Official Mexican Standard NOM‐032‐SSA2‐2014. The geographical distribution of sero‐positive donors for Chagas disease was then determined based on the donor's areas of residence. RESULTS Of the 510, 047 donors, 595 tested positive for Chagas disease. We found a prevalence of 0.12%, was higher in males (0.13%) than females (0.08%) In both genders, there were more sero‐positive donors aged 51–65 years as compared to other age groups. Overall there were more positive donors from the State of Mexico, northern area of Mexico City, and southern area of Hidalgo State, with rates of 67.4%, 20.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors attending to La Raza BB is low. Chagas disease is more prevalent in the older age groups; most sero‐positive donors are from areas considered non‐endemic to Chagas disease.

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“…cruzi -antibody positive or negative. Literature sources consider an S/CO score above 4.0 to be strong positivity [ 52 ]; this assigns 49 of the 146 (33.5%) seropositive donors into a strongly positive S/CO subgroup and 66.5% as weakly positive. The distributions of gender, age, and ethnicity were those typically observed in the UBS blood donor population ( http://www.unitedbloodservices.org/aboutUs.aspx ), although not all demographic information was reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a sub-cluster within these correlated peptides that increase gradually while another appears to transition to higher signal more suddenly at an S/CO of ~4.0. Further work will be needed to determine whether there is any clinical significance to these different clusters, such as possibly indicating infection status or likelihood of progression to symptomatic disease [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ImmunoSignature test distinguishes Trypanosoma cruzi, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and West Nile virus seropositivity among asymptomatic blood donors

Rowe¹,

Melnick²,

Gerwien³

et al. 2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundThe complexity of the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma (T.) cruzi manifests in its highly dynamic genome, multi-host life cycle, progressive morphologies and immune-evasion mechanisms. Accurate determination of infection or Chagas’ disease activity and prognosis continues to challenge researchers. We hypothesized that a diagnostic platform with higher ligand complexity than previously employed may hold value.MethodologyWe applied the ImmunoSignature Technology (IST) for the detection of T. cruzi-specific antibodies among healthy blood donors. IST is based on capturing the information in an individual’s antibody repertoire by exposing their peripheral blood to a library of >100,000 position-addressable, chemically-diverse peptides.Principal findingsInitially, samples from two Chagas cohorts declared positive or negative by bank testing were studied. With the first cohort, library-peptides displaying differential binding signals between T. cruzi sero-states were used to train an algorithm. A classifier was fixed and tested against the training-independent second cohort to determine assay performance. Next, samples from a mixed cohort of donors declared positive for Chagas, hepatitis B, hepatitis C or West Nile virus were assayed on the same library. Signals were used to train a single algorithm that distinguished all four disease states. As a binary test, the accuracy of predicting T. cruzi seropositivity by IST was similar, perhaps modestly reduced, relative to conventional ELISAs. However, the results indicate that information beyond determination of seropositivity may have been captured. These include the identification of cohort subclasses, the simultaneous detection and discerning of other diseases, and the discovery of putative new antigens.Conclusions & significanceThe central outcome of this study established IST as a reliable approach for specific determination of T. cruzi seropositivity versus disease-free individuals or those with other diseases. Its potential contribution for monitoring and controlling Chagas lies in IST’s delivery of higher resolution immune-state readouts than obtained with currently-used technologies. Despite the complexity of the ligand presentation and large quantitative readouts, performing an IST test is simple, scalable and reproducible.

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Bimodal distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi antibody levels in blood donors from a highly endemic area of Argentina: what is the significance of low‐reactive samples?

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi antibodies in blood donors from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014

Prevalence of Trypanosoma Cruzi antibodies in blood donors from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014

Seroprevalence and geographical distribution of sero‐positive blood donors to Trypanosoma cruzi at the central blood bank of the National Medical Center “La Raza”

An ImmunoSignature test distinguishes Trypanosoma cruzi, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and West Nile virus seropositivity among asymptomatic blood donors

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