“…For MnO 2 /CF, the spectrum is segmented into two peaks. The bounding energy at 532.2 and 529.8 eV could be assigned to the surface adsorption oxygen species (O ads ) and the lattice oxygen (O latt ), respectively. − However, the binding energy of O latt in MnO 2 -O v -0.04/CF (529.5 eV) is lower than that in MnO 2 /CF, suggesting a weaker interaction between the Mn and O atoms in MnO 2 -O v -0.04/CF. ,, In addition, the ratio of O ads /O latt for the MnO 2 -O v -0.04/CF catalyst (0.56) is significantly higher than that for the MnO 2 /CF catalyst (0.30), further confirming that more surface oxygen vacancies are created in the MnO 2 -O v -0.04/CF catalyst. , …”