Bimetallic nanowire sensors for extracellular electrochemical hydrogen peroxide detection in HL-1 cell culture

Abstract

The present study of nanoelectrochemical sensors prepared by directed electrochemical nanowire assembly (DENA) is defined by the requirements of electrochemical analysis, where the transducer function of metallic nanowires is synergetically combined with their electrochemical catalytic activity with respect to a particular analyte. We show for the first time that this technique can be employed for metals (Pd, Au) and their bimetallic compositions to create various multicomponent sensor nanomaterials on a single chip without the use of multistep lithography for the spatially resolved analysis of solutions. The nanostructures of various compositions can be individually addressed when used in liquid media, so that the particular surface properties of the individual nanoarray elements can be used for the electrochemical analysis of specific analytes. The sensor application of these devices in electrolytes and cell culture conditions has been demonstrated for the first time. As an example, the Pd-Au nanowires prepared by DENA were used for a non-enzymatic analysis of H2O2 with a linear concentration interval of 10-6-10-3 M, sensitivity of 18 µA M-1 and detection limit of 3×10-7 M at as low absolute value of the detection potential as-0.05 V. This sensor was also proven for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in HL-1 cell culture, demonstrating good biocompatibility and support for the cell culture conditions. Using various DENA-grown electrochemical compositions on a single chip, a novel multisensor platform is proposed for the determination of various analytes in electrolyte solutions for biocompatible sensor arrays, flexible multianalyte environmental and technological process monitoring, and healthcare areas.

Multisensor Systems by Electrochemical Nanowire Assembly for the Analysis of Aqueous Solutions

“…Electrochemical sensors based on metallic, carbonaceous, and composite nanomaterials help to advance the concept of non-enzymatic miniaturized electrochemical sensors (Chen et al, 2013 , 2014 ; Guascito et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Tee et al, 2017 ; Nikolaev et al, 2018 ) due to the electrocatalytic effects of surfaces and signal amplification techniques and could replace enzyme-based biosensors in various analytical applications. This leads to the improvement of sensor stability in fabrication and long-term use, cost-effectiveness, compatibility with nanotechnology, and could extend applications of sensors and multisensor systems.…”

“…Important advantages of DENA, such as application at room temperature and atmosphere, spatial resolution, fast rates of the directional electrodeposition of metal nanostructures, and low costs have yet to be fully explored for electrochemical sensors and multisensor systems. In our recent work, we explore the DENA approach for a novel class of electrochemical multisensor systems in electrolyte solutions (Nikolaev et al, 2017 , 2018 ). A synergic action of the electrode transducer function of the assembled Pd-Au nanowires and the electrochemical activity of the nanowire surface toward hydrogen peroxide reduction is achieved in the proposed multisensor system (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ).…”

“…In our recent work, we explore the DENA approach for a novel class of electrochemical multisensor systems in electrolyte solutions (Nikolaev et al, 2017 , 2018 ). A synergic action of the electrode transducer function of the assembled Pd-Au nanowires and the electrochemical activity of the nanowire surface toward hydrogen peroxide reduction is achieved in the proposed multisensor system (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ). The detection of hydrogen peroxide in cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells using a non-enzymatic Pd-Au nanowire multisensor array prepared by DENA was also demonstrated (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ).…”

“…A synergic action of the electrode transducer function of the assembled Pd-Au nanowires and the electrochemical activity of the nanowire surface toward hydrogen peroxide reduction is achieved in the proposed multisensor system (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ). The detection of hydrogen peroxide in cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells using a non-enzymatic Pd-Au nanowire multisensor array prepared by DENA was also demonstrated (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ). The DENA method has been applied to create nanostructures of platinum (Kawasaki and Arnold, 2011 ), gold (Ozturk et al, 2007a ; Nikolaev et al, 2017 ), palladium (Nikolaev et al, 2018 ), as well as Au-Pt (Cheng et al, 2011 ) and Au-Ag (Ji et al, 2014 ) compositions.…”

Ultra‐Low Power Corrosion Sensor Made of Iron Nanowires on Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

“…These attributes make them great candidates for highly integrated devices with minimal power consumption and size, which are crucial aspects, for instance, in remote monitoring applications. [14][15][16][17] However, electrical measurements on NWs are challenging, due to obvious difficulties with electrical connections.…”