Bimetallic metal organic framework-templated synthesis of a Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with superior methanol selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation

Design of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3catalysts with a rich Cu–ZnO interface for enhanced CO2hydrogenation to methanol using zinc-malachite as the precursor

“…14,15 Moreover, adjusting the arrangement of Cu and ZnO particles is also an important method to construct catalysts with a rich Cu-ZnO interface. 16 Uniformly dispersed Cu and ZnO particles increase the contact between them, which is beneficial to increase the Cu-ZnO interface. Therefore, it is very attractive for us to prepare catalysts with small Cu particles and uniform arrangement of Cu and ZnO particles.…”

Performance of Cu/ZnO Nanosheets on Electrospun Al2O3 Nanofibers in CO2 Catalytic Hydrogenation to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether

“…To reduce the extent of the RWGS reaction and optimize the catalyst’s effectiveness towards methanol formation (i.e., methanol selectivity, catalytic activity, and stability), in many cases, Cu is supported by other metallic/ceramic materials, mainly ZnO and Al 2 O 3 , as in commercial catalysts [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. While ZnO was shown as taking an active part in reaction promotion (sometimes referred as cocatalyst) [ 18 , 20 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], Al 2 O 3 is considered a chemically inert component that serves mainly as a stabilizer of Cu/ZnO particles dispersed in the catalyst [ 11 , 31 ].…”

Differences in Deterioration Behaviors of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts with Different Cu Contents toward Hydrogenation of CO and CO2

“…These suggestions were also corroborated by many literature studies. 1 , 8 , 11 − 13 The catalytic activity of traditional Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts depends on many reasons including the effect of operating conditions (i.e., pressure and temperature) and properties of catalysts (i.e., copper crystallite size, copper surface, and metal dispersion). Additionally, the limit of catalytic activity has found that the traditional Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 exhibits a poor activity and low yield of methanol in long-term catalytic reactions because of its behaviors of catalytic deactivation such as active metal sintering, coking, and byproduct formation to deactivate the catalyst surface.…”

“…According to several literature studies, they suggested that the metal Cu species are commonly regarded as the main active sites for methanol production, although the Cu-rich molar ratio in Cu-based catalysts results in a drop in the catalytic lifetime by the behaviors of active metal sintering and metal agglomeration. The addition of ZnO can enhance the stability of Cu species by the creation of Cu-ZnO interfacial sites and support the activation of synergistic effect to facilitate methanol formation via formate intermediates . Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 promoters (promotional effect), which have a high surface area, disperse active Cu sites and adjust the reducibility of ZnO. , Therefore, Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts have been well-known as the catalyst for CO and CO 2 hydrogenation, and they are regularly used as a standard catalyst in the methanol production industry.…”

“…The addition of ZnO can enhance the stability of Cu species by the creation of Cu-ZnO interfacial sites and support the activation of synergistic effect to facilitate methanol formation via formate intermediates. 8 Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 promoters (promotional effect), which have a high surface area, disperse active Cu sites and adjust the reducibility of ZnO. 9,10 Therefore, Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts have been well-known as the catalyst for CO and CO 2 hydrogenation, and they are regularly used as a standard catalyst in the methanol production industry.…”