“…Electromagnetic metamaterials have received extensive attention from researchers due to their tunable electromagnetic properties (Fu et al, 2019;. Different from traditional materials, the unique electromagnetic properties of metamaterials are mainly derived from the periodic structural units and the variation in arrangement (Chen et al, 2022;Mei et al, 2019;Xiong et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2020a). However, the single-frequency absorption characteristic of traditional absorbing metamaterials limits their application field (Landy et al, 2008).…”