Bimetallic Cluster Provides a Higher Activity Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation

García, Benito Mendoza; Captain, Burjor; Adams, Richard D.; Hungría, Ana B.; Midgley, Paul A.; Thomas, Sir John Meurig; Weidner, John W.

doi:10.1007/s10876-006-0089-2

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…9,14,20 The most active catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation are composed of highly dispersed, nanosized Pt-Ru particles deposited on a carbon support, but small variations in preparation conditions have a significant impact on activity. 47,48 In this work, the nucleation and growth of vapor deposited Pt, Ru and Pt-Ru clusters on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are investigated and compared with bimetallic cluster growth via electroless deposition. 1,2,7,[26][27][28][29] Although colloidal and microemulsion preparation methods are known to deposit highly dispersed, nanosized Pt-Ru clusters, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] these methods require complex preparation procedures and expensive starting materials, making them ill-suited for commercial scale up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum–ruthenium bimetallic clusters on graphite: a comparison of vapor deposition and electroless deposition methods

Galhenage

Xie

Diao

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Bimetallic Pt-Ru clusters have been grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces by vapor deposition and by electroless deposition. These studies help to bridge the material gap between well-characterized vapor deposited clusters and electrolessly deposited clusters, which are better suited for industrial catalyst preparation. In the vapor deposition experiments, bimetallic clusters were formed by the sequential deposition of Pt on Ru or Ru on Pt. Seed clusters of the first metal were grown on HOPG surfaces that were sputtered with Ar(+) to introduce defects, which act as nucleation sites for Pt or Ru. On the unmodified HOPG surface, both Pt and Ru clusters preferentially nucleated at the step edges, whereas on the sputtered surface, clusters with relatively uniform sizes and spatial distributions were formed. Low energy ion scattering experiments showed that the surface compositions of the bimetallic clusters are Pt-rich, regardless of the order of deposition, indicating that the interdiffusion of metals within the clusters is facile at room temperature. Bimetallic clusters on sputtered HOPG were prepared by the electroless deposition of Pt on Ru seed clusters from a Pt(+2) solution using dimethylamine borane as the reducing agent at pH 11 and 40 °C. After exposure to the electroless deposition bath, Pt was selectively deposited on Ru, as demonstrated by the detection of Pt on the surface by XPS, and the increase in the average cluster height without an increase in the number of clusters, indicating that Pt atoms are incorporated into the Ru seed clusters. Electroless deposition of Ru on Pt seed clusters was also achieved, but it should be noted that this deposition method is extremely sensitive to the presence of other metal ions in solution that have a higher reduction potential than the metal ion targeted for deposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum–ruthenium bimetallic clusters on graphite: a comparison of vapor deposition and electroless deposition methods

Galhenage

Xie

Diao

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…When the pH value of solution is 10, the performance for methanol electrooxidation decreases, the reason may be that the PtRu/C catalyst with an atomic ratio of Pt to Ru of 1.2 deviates from the theoretical value of 1:1, indicating a lower utilisation of Ru, which in turn provides less OH species for Pt nanoparticles to oxidise methanol at lower-potential. Garcia and coworkers [34] also reported the non-uniform distributions of Pt and Ru atoms in catalysts which leaded to the inferior activity for methanol electrooxidation. The performance of homemade PtRu/C catalyst for methanol electrooxidation was also tested by the amperometric i-t curves at a constant potential of 0.6 V in an Ar-saturated solution of 0.…”

Section: Energy / Kev Energy / Kevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH Value on Performance of PtRu/C Catalyst Prepared by Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process for Methanol Electrooxidation

Chu¹,

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2010

Fuel Cells

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PtRu/C catalysts with different mean particle sizes have been synthesised by microwave‐assisted polyol process at various pH values and characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray (EDAX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Their electrochemical performances have been tested by cyclic voltammetry, amperomeric i–t, and CO‐stripping techniques. The effects of pH values on performances of the PtRu/C catalysts have been mainly investigated. It has been found that the particle size, composition and catalytic activity of the PtRu/C catalyst are very sensitive to the pH value of reducing solution, and the PtRu/C catalyst prepared at the pH value of 8 exhibits the better performance for methanol electrooxidation than the other samples. The size of the nanoparticles decreases as the pH value increases from 0.2 to 10 with the largest size of 4.4 nm and the smallest one of 2.1 nm. The two metal elements distribute uniformly in the catalyst and their metal loadings are similar to the theoretical value.

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“…They were mostly deposited on the intact support without particular pretreatment, but sometimes the occurrence of covalent interactions with the support was reported. Clusters have also already been incorporated on carbon [18][19][20][21][22] but without specific interactions. Nevertheless, to obtain active catalysts, the supported clusters have to be activated to remove the ligand shell and to obtain supported metallic particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over Pd/C catalysts prepared from molecular carbonyl–phosphine palladium clusters

Willocq

Dubois²,

Khimyak

et al. 2012

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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Bimetallic Cluster Provides a Higher Activity Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Platinum–ruthenium bimetallic clusters on graphite: a comparison of vapor deposition and electroless deposition methods

Platinum–ruthenium bimetallic clusters on graphite: a comparison of vapor deposition and electroless deposition methods

Effect of pH Value on Performance of PtRu/C Catalyst Prepared by Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process for Methanol Electrooxidation

Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over Pd/C catalysts prepared from molecular carbonyl–phosphine palladium clusters

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