“…By adopting LCA to assess sustainability, the utilisation of materials and energy is identified and measured across the product's lifecycle, which includes "extraction, processing, manufacturing, transportation, use, reuse, maintenance, recycling or final disposal" [2,16,17] Nwodo et al mentioned that the LCA's main focus is on reducing environmental effects, reduction in carbon emissions of building properties, energy optimisation, and cost effectiveness. Furthermore, it can aid decision making by comparing the embodied and operational impact of different tools [2,18,19]; differentiating construction materials based on their physical properties, such as strength, is critical to the LCA process but would require a life cycle inventory (LCI) database [8]. Other factors such as environmental cost, the significance of the cost, and resource depletion potential must be factored in [8,20].…”