“…Hence, research on translanguaging in various aspects is relevant to discover findings and reveal more knowledge on this developing notion. In addition, several studies have been conducted to investigate translanguaging in ESL classrooms (Akbar & Taqi, 2020;Alasmari et al, 2022;Ali Tubayqi & Ahmed Al Tale, 2022;Al Tale & AlQahtani, 2022;Alzabidi & Al-Ahda, 2022;Berlianti & Pradita, 2021;Fang & Liu, 2020;Khairunnisa & Lukmana, 2020;Yasar Yuzlumm & Dikilitas, 2022;Portolés & Martí, 2017;Rabbidge, 2019). Nevertheless, these studies have only focused on either preschool, primary, secondary, or tertiary education levels separately, never combined.…”