Bile salts adsorption on dextran-based hydrogels

Bile Acid Sequestrants for Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using Sustainable Biopolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…Due to the pendent hydrophobic moieties (the C-6, C-12, or the C-16 alkyl groups) on the QAGs, the hydrophobic interactions usually triggered the formation of mixed micelle between the steroid nucleus of the BAs and pendant hydrophobes. 198 Similar studies were conducted by Nichifor et al in 1998 199 and2001, 200 where dextran was modified and functionalized to evaluate the scavenging efficacy of BAs. The authors investigated the efficacy of modified dextran having pendent hydrophobic (alkyl chains, C-6 to C-12) groups on the QAGs for BA/BS removal through the adsorption experiments conducted in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.4) containing one or mixtures of several BSs (competitive sorption).…”

“…The best Q max was reported for hydrogel with 25 mol % pendant dodecyl (C-12) groups due to its appropriate hydrophilic−lipophilic balance, high charge density, and swelling porosity. 198 Regardless of the BASs' physicochemical properties, better sorption was reported for more lipophilic BA/BSs. The overall equilibrium adsorption capacities (Q e 's) were found to be within the range of 842−1051 mg/g for SC and 943−1138 mg/g for SDC, both of which were significantly higher compared to some of the reported BASs shown in Table 9.…”

“…The overall equilibrium adsorption capacities ( Q e ’s) were found to be within the range of 842–1051 mg/g for SC and 943–1138 mg/g for SDC, both of which were significantly higher compared to some of the reported BASs shown in Table . The C-12 pendent group in dextran-based BASs possessed the highest Q max values with 5 times higher affinity for BA/BSs and 247 times higher binding strength compared to those for cholestyramine. The strong cooperative binding between the BAS and BA/BS was due to the strong long-range ionic interactions as well as the hydrophobic association.…”

“…In one of the most recent studies conducted by Stanciu et al, the authors synthesized dextran-based hydrogels possessing pendant N , N -dimethyl- N -alkyl- N -(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride groups with different alkyl-chain length substituents (C-2 and C-12/C-16, respectively) at the quaternary nitrogen producing a set of cationic dextran derivatives as the BASs having different degrees of polarity (hydrophobic–hydrophilic balance), ionic strength, and water uptake characteristics . They investigated the sequestration capability of sodium cholate (SC)/sodium deoxycholate (SDC) with the hydrogels along with their swelling behavior and lipophilicity.…”

“…The best Q max was reported for hydrogel with 25 mol % pendant dodecyl (C-12) groups due to its appropriate hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, high charge density, and swelling porosity . Regardless of the BASs’ physicochemical properties, better sorption was reported for more lipophilic BA/BSs.…”