Bile salt dietary supplementation promotes growth and reduces body adiposity in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Ruiz, Alberto Ramos; Andrée, Karl B.; Sanahuja, Ignasi; Holhorea, Paul G.; Calduch-Giner, Josep À.; Morais, Sofía; Pastor, Jose J.; Pérez‐Sánchez, Jaume; Gisbert, Enric

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739203

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Results in terms of growth performance and feed efficiency are presented elsewhere ( Ruiz et al, 2023 ). In brief, the supplementation of a blend of BSs promoted somatic growth and fish fed the BS 0.06% diet grew more (221.21 ± 3.10 g) than those fed the control diet (215.80 ± 1.06 g; p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two experimental extruded diets (pellet size: 3 mm) were formulated and manufactured by Sparos Lda. (Portugal) as described by Ruiz et al (2023) . Diets were isoproteic (44.0% crude protein), isolipidic (18.0% crude fat), and isoenergetic (21.4 MJ kg −1 ) and only differed in their content of the BSs blend at an inclusion level of 0.06% (BS 0.06% ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 cm 2 ) from the anterior intestine (AI) of two fish per tank (8 per treatment) was immersed in five volumes of RNAlater® (Sigma-Aldrich, United States), incubated overnight at 4°C, and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction in order to evaluate their gene expression profile, following the procedures of Ruiz et al (2023) . This region of the intestine was chosen because of its demonstrated immunological specialization as described in Vallejos-Vidal et al (2022) , and it was also made to coincide with the region sampled for histological analysis in the previous study of Ruiz et al (2023) . With the goal of studying the gut microbial communities, a 4 cm long section of AI just after the pyloric caeca and a section of ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous work, we evaluated the effect of a blend of BSs (sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, and sodium taurocholate hydrate) on fish performance and studied the pathways underlying hepatic lipid metabolism in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) fed with a diet with high-saturated fat content. According to those results, fish displayed an enhanced growth performance and reduced levels of perivisceral, hepatic, and intestinal fat at a dietary BS inclusion level of 0.06% with respect to fish fed the unsupplemented diet ( Ruiz et al, 2023 ). In this contribution, we moved a step forward by evaluating the microbial gut communities and intestinal immune status of S. aurata when supplementing the mentioned basal diet with the BS blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In recent years, a considerable number of studies have been conducted to test the effects of dietary BS supplementation on fish performance, pointing to the possibility of their becoming a widely extended alternative within the aquafeed production industry. Addition of BSs to aquafeeds has not only successful results in terms of growth and feeding performance, but also enhances lipid catabolism and apparent lipid digestibility ( Yamamoto et al, 2007 ; Iwashita et al, 2008 ; Gu et al, 2017 ; Jiang et al, 2018 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ; Ruiz et al, 2023 ). These actions provide benefits in terms of performance and generally translates into a reduction in lipid content of the body, reduction in fat storage deposits in the liver and in the intestine, as well as the strengthening of antioxidant defenses ( Yamamoto et al, 2007 ; Iwashita et al, 2009 ; Jiang et al, 2018 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ; Ruiz et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) by dietary bile salt supplementation

et al. 2023

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Given their role in lipid digestion, feed supplementation with bile salts could be an economic and sustainable solution to alterations in adiposity and intestinal inflammation generated by some strategies currently used in aquaculture. An important part of the metabolism of bile salts takes place in the intestine, where the microbiota transforms them into more toxic forms. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the gut immune response and microbial populations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a diet supplemented with a blend of bile salts with proven background as a regulator of lipid metabolism and fat content. After the 90-day feeding trial, a differential modulation of the microbiota between the anterior and posterior intestine was observed. While in the anterior intestine the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota doubled, in the posterior intestine, the levels of Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Campylobacterota were reduced when supplementing the diet with bile salts. Even so, only in the anterior intestine, there was a decrease in estimated richness (Chao1 and ACE indices) in presence of dietary bile salts. No significant differences were displayed in alpha (Shannon and Simpson indices) nor beta-diversity, showing that bile sales did not have a great impact on the intestinal microbiota. Regarding the gene expression profile in 2 h postprandial-fish, several changes were observed in the analyzed biomarkers of epithelial integrity, nutrient transport, mucus production, interleukins, cell markers, immunoglobulin production and pathogen recognition receptors. These results may indicate the development of an intestinal immune-protective status to tackle future threats. This work also suggests that this immune response is not only regulated by the presence of the dietary bile salts in the intestine, but also by the microbial populations that are in turn modulated by bile salts. After a fasting period of 2 days, the overall gene expression profile was stabilized with respect to fish fed the unsupplemented diet, indicating that the effect of bile salts was transient after short periods of fasting. On the balance, bile salts can be used as a dietary supplement to enhance S. aurata farming and production without compromising their intestinal health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%