Bile Microbiota in Liver Transplantation: Proof of Concept Using Gene Amplification in a Heterogeneous Clinical Scenario

D’Amico, Francesco; Bertacco, Alessandra; Finotti, Michele; Renzo, Chiara Di; Rodríguez-Dávalos, Manuel I.; Gondolesi, Gabriel; Cillo, U.; Mulligan, David C.; Geibel, John P.

doi:10.3389/fsurg.2021.621525

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, due to the fact of ethical issues, there are currently a small number of studies on biliary microbiota in healthy people. This aspect of research is mainly conducted by replacing the biliary tract of healthy people with the biliary tract of LT donors and patients with pancreatic disease without hepatobiliary disease [36][37][38][39]. Therefore, it is difficult to compare biliary microbiota after transplantation with those in healthy people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation under the Desensitization Protocol with Rituximab: Effect on Biliary Microbiota and Metabolites

Xiao

Wan

Lin

et al. 2022

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABOi LT) under the desensitization protocol with rituximab had excellent survival outcomes comparable to those of ABO-compatible liver transplantation (ABOc LT). In this work, we explored the effect of ABOi LT on recipients from the perspective of biliary microbiota and metabonomics. Methods: Liver transplant (LT) recipients treated at our center were enrolled in the study. In total, 6 ABOi LT recipients and 12 ABOc LT recipients were enrolled, and we collected their bile five times (during LT and at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month after LT). The collected samples were used for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Results: We obtained 90 bile samples. Whether in group ABOi LT or ABOc LT, the most common phyla in all of the samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The most common genera were Lactobacillus, Weissella, Klebsiella, Pantoea and Lactococcus. There was no significant difference in the diversity between the two groups at 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month after LT. However, the biggest disparities between the ABOi LT recipients and ABOc LT recipients were observed 2 days after LT, including increased biodiversity with a higher ACE, Chao1, OBS and Shannon index (p < 0.05), and more Staphylococcus in ABOi LT and binary–Jaccard dissimilarity, which indicated varying β-diversity (p = 0.046). These differences were not observed at 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month after LT. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the composition of the bile microbiota did not change significantly within 1 month after LT by longitudinal comparison. In an analysis of the bile components, the metabolites were not significantly different every time. However, four enrichment KEGG pathways were observed among the groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ABOi LT under the desensitization protocol with rituximab did not significantly affect the biliary microbiota and metabolites of recipients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation under the Desensitization Protocol with Rituximab: Effect on Biliary Microbiota and Metabolites

Xiao

Wan

Lin

et al. 2022

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is in line with a previous study demonstrating that bile of the liver graft from deceased donor was negative for bacteria by using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. [22] In addition, the bacteria most frequently detected in bile produced from the diseased liver are Gram negative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. [23] These bacteria were not detected after BDA in the current study and further supported that bacterial contamination of bile in the diseased liver is not a significant risk after the complete extraction of the whole diseased liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile duct anastomosis does not promote bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during living donor liver transplantation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bile duct surgeries are conventionally considered to promote bacterial contamination of the surgical field. However, liver transplantation recipients' bile produced by the newly implanted liver graft from healthy living donors may be sterile. We tested bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged before and after bile duct anastomosis (BDA) during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 29 patients undergoing LDLT, bacterial culture was performed for four blood samples and one bile sample: two from autologous blood salvaged before BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), two from autologous blood salvaged after BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), and one from bile produced in the newly implanted liver graft. The primary outcome was bacterial contamination. The risk of bacterial contamination was not significantly different between nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged before BDA and nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged after BDA (44.8% and 31.0%; odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03-1.86; p = 0.228). No bacteria were found after leukoreduction in all 58 autologous blood samples. All bile samples were negative for bacteria.None of the 29 patients, including 13 patients who received salvaged autologous blood positive for bacteria, developed postoperative bacteremia. We found that bile from the newly implanted liver graft is sterile in LDLT and BDA does not increase the risk of bacterial contamination of salvaged blood, supporting the use of blood salvage during LDLT even after BDA. Leukoreduction

show abstract

“…In this research study, there was no control group of healthy subjects because there are ethical concerns [ 68 , 69 ] related to the risks associated with the ERCP procedure [ 70 ]. In addition, a recent study by D’Amico at al., showed that the bile samples studied by rDNA sequence analysis of multiorgan donors who have not undergone any previous biliary procedures and have no biliary abnormalities is sterile [ 71 ].…”

Section: Limits Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial profile in bile from pancreatic and extra-pancreatic biliary tract cancer

Di Carlo,

Serra,

Fasciana

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Dysbiotic biliary bacterial profile is reported in cancer patients and is associated with survival and comorbidities, raising the question of its effect on the influence of anticancer drugs and, recently, the suggestion of perichemotherapy antibiotics in pancreatic cancer patients colonized by the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Objective In this study, we investigated the microbial communities that colonize tumours and which bacteria could aid in diagnosing pancreatic and biliary cancer and managing bile-colonized patients. Methods A retrospective study on positive bile cultures of 145 Italian patients who underwent cholangiopancreatography with PC and EPC cancer hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2020 in a QA-certified academic surgical unit were investigated for aerobic/facultative-anaerobic bacteria and fungal organisms. Results We found that among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp were the most frequent in the EPC group, while Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Pseudomonas spp were the most frequent in the PC group. Enterococcus spp was the most frequent Gram-positive bacteria in both groups. Comparing the EPC and PC, we found a significant presence of patients with greater age in the PC compared to the EPC group. Regarding Candida spp, we found no significant but greater rate in the PC group compared to the EPC group (11.7% vs 1.96%). We found that Alcaligenes faecalis was the most frequent bacteria in EPC than the PC group, among Gram-negative bacterial species. Conclusions Age differences in gut microbiota composition may affect biliary habitats in our cancer population, especially in patients with pancreatic cancer. Alcaligenes faecalis isolated in the culture of bile samples could represent potential microbial markers for a restricted follow-up to early diagnosis of extra-pancreatic cancer. Finally, the prevalence of Candida spp in pancreatic cancer seems to trigger new aspects about debate about the role of fungal microbiota into their relationship with pancreatic cancer.

show abstract

Bile Microbiota in Liver Transplantation: Proof of Concept Using Gene Amplification in a Heterogeneous Clinical Scenario

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation under the Desensitization Protocol with Rituximab: Effect on Biliary Microbiota and Metabolites

ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation under the Desensitization Protocol with Rituximab: Effect on Biliary Microbiota and Metabolites

Bile duct anastomosis does not promote bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during living donor liver transplantation

Microbial profile in bile from pancreatic and extra-pancreatic biliary tract cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About