Bile Acid Profiling and Quantification in Biofluids Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sarafian, Magali; Lewis, Matthew R.; Pechlivanis, Alexandros; Ralphs, Simon; McPhail, Mark; Patel, Vishal C.; Dumas, Marc; Holmes, Elaine; Nicholson, Jeremy K.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01556

Cited by 171 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This could result from a higher level of cholesterol in fish oil. It is known that cholesterol is transformed into bile acids in the liver, and bile acids are excreted to the small intestine and play an important role in fat emulsification and absorption 14 . Formation of bile acids is complex and includes several reaction steps catalyzed by some enzymes 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids would enhance epithelial resistance and membrane integrity 12 . The fatty acid composition in diets has been shown to have a great impact on fat bioavailability in the small intestine under the emulsifying functions of bile acids 13, 14 . Bile acids act as signaling molecules and intermediates between the host and the gut microbiota 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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High-fat diets have been associated with overweight/obesity and increased mortality in middle-aged populations. However, it is still unclear how gut microbiota in middle-aged populations responds to dietary fats at a normal dose. In this study, we explored gut microbiota structure in middle-aged rats (aged 12 months) after feeding 4% (w/w) soybean oil, lard or fish oil for 3 months, respectively. The results showed that the gut microbiota structure in the fish oil group was substantially different from those of the soybean oil and lard groups in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria and genus Desulfovibrio in the caecal and colonic contents were the highest in the fish oil group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of biomarkers for inflammation in the colon, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α, were also the highest in the fish oil group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the fish oil group had the highest microbial DNA abundance of a predicted lipid metabolism. Our results gave a new insight into the potentially negative impact of fish oil diet on health of middle-aged populations by changing gut microbiota and inducing inflammation as compared to soybean oil and lard diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Bile acids were measured in the supernatant as described [36], using ACQUITY ultra performance liquid-chromatography (UPLC) (Waters Ltd., Elstree, UK) coupled to a Xevo G2 Q-ToF mass spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) equipped with an electrospray ionization source operating in negative mode. TargetLynx application manager, a module of the MassLynx software, was used for the processing and quantification of the results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMicrobiota and bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly alter systemic metabolic processes. In obese subjects, gradual weight loss ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and related systemic changes. We assessed how rapid weight loss due to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) affects the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acid composition, and their interactions with the plasma metabolome and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of VLCD-induced weight loss of 10% in ten grades 2–3 obese postmenopausal women in a metabolic unit. Baseline and post weight loss evaluation included fasting plasma analyzed by mass spectrometry, adipose tissue transcription by RNA sequencing, stool 16S rRNA sequencing for fecal microbiota, fecal bile acids by mass spectrometry, and urinary metabolic phenotyping by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Outcome measures included mixed model correlations between changes in fecal microbiota and bile acid composition with changes in plasma metabolite and adipose tissue gene expression pathways.ResultsAlterations in the urinary metabolic phenotype following VLCD-induced weight loss were consistent with starvation ketosis, protein sparing, and disruptions to the functional status of the gut microbiota. We show that the core microbiome was preserved during VLCD-induced weight loss, but with changes in several groups of bacterial taxa with functional implications. UniFrac analysis showed overall parallel shifts in community structure, corresponding to reduced abundance of the genus Roseburia and increased Christensenellaceae;g__ (unknown genus). Imputed microbial functions showed changes in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant fall in fecal total bile acid concentration and reduced deconjugation and 7-α-dihydroxylation were accompanied by significant changes in several bacterial taxa. Individual bile acids in feces correlated with amino acid, purine, and lipid metabolic pathways in plasma. Furthermore, several fecal bile acids and bacterial species correlated with altered gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.ConclusionsVLCD dietary intervention in obese women changed the composition of several fecal microbial populations while preserving the core fecal microbiome. Changes in individual microbial taxa and their functions correlated with variations in the plasma metabolome, fecal bile acid composition, and adipose tissue transcriptome.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01699906, 4-Oct-2012, Retrospectively registered. URL-https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699906Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1619-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Plasma samples were prepared for analysis using a previously described method 58 . Faecal pellets were lyophilised for 48 hours using a VirTis Benchtop BTP 8ZL freeze dryer (BPS FUK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice

Michael

Davies

Moss

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been found that some probiotic bacteria possess cholesterol-lowering capabilities. In this study, the ability of the Lab4 probiotic consortium to hydrolyse bile salts, assimilate cholesterol and regulate cholesterol transport by polarised Caco-2 enterocytes was demonstrated. Furthermore, in wild-type C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet, 2-weeks supplementation with Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol levels and suppression of diet-induced weight gain. No changes in plasma levels of very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cytokines or bile acids were observed. Increased amounts of total and unconjugated bile acids in the faeces of the probiotic-fed mice, together with modulation of hepatic small heterodimer partner and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression, implicates bile salt hydrolase activity as a potential mechanism of action. In summary, this study demonstrates the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of short-term feeding of the Lab4 probiotic consortium plus L. plantarum CUL66 in wild-type mice and supports further assessment in human trials.

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Bile Acid Profiling and Quantification in Biofluids Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 171 publications

References 52 publications

Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats

Fish oil, lard and soybean oil differentially shape gut microbiota of middle-aged rats

Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women

The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice

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