Bile acid metabolism in young‐old parabiotic rats

Uchida, Keiji; Takase, Haruto; Nomura, Yasuharu; Satoh, Takashi; Igimi, Hirotsune; Takeuchi, Nozomu

doi:10.1007/s11745-997-0049-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Just as human subjects can be randomly paired with flatmates to share the same dormitory environment, animal subjects have been paired with other animals to share a circulatory system. Parabiosis has been used to study a range of health outcomes, including tumour growth , cholesterol and diabetes . Parabiosis experiments helped lay the foundation for the discovery of leptin after work by Coleman suggested that a satiety factor found in db/db mice but not ob/ob mice could regulate appetite.…”

Section: Examples Of Presmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packet randomized experiments for eliminating classes of confounders

Pavela

Wiener

Fontaine

et al. 2014

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background Although randomization is considered essential for causal inference, it is often not possible to randomize in nutrition and obesity research. To address this, we develop a framework for an experimental design—packet randomized experiments (PREs), which improves causal inferences when randomization on a single treatment variable is not possible. This situation arises when subjects are randomly assigned to a condition (such as a new roommate) which varies in one characteristic of interest (such as weight), but also varies across many others. There has been no general discussion of this experimental design, including its strengths, limitations, and statistical properties. As such, researchers are left to develop and apply PREs on an ad hoc basis, limiting its potential to improve causal inferences among nutrition and obesity researchers. Methods We introduce PREs as an intermediary design between randomized controlled trials and observational studies. We review previous research that used the PRE design and describe its application in obesity-related research, including random roommate assignments, heterochronic parabiosis, and the quasi-random assignment of subjects to geographic areas. We then provide a statistical framework to control for potential packet-level confounders not accounted for by randomization. Results PREs have successfully been used to improve causal estimates of the effect of roommates, altitude, and breastfeeding on weight outcomes. When certain assumptions are met, PREs can asymptotically control for packet-level characteristics. This has the potential to statistically estimate the effect of a single treatment even when randomization to a single treatment did not occur. Conclusions Applying PREs to obesity-related research will improve decisions about clinical, public health, and policy actions insofar as it offers researchers new insight into cause and effect relationships among variables.

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Section: Examples Of Presmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packet randomized experiments for eliminating classes of confounders

Pavela

Wiener

Fontaine

et al. 2014

Eur J Clin Investigation

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show abstract

“…Cross circulation is a technique in which two animals share a common circulation. This technique is applied in fundamental research, such as immunological analysis of immune cell migration, 1,2 supply of stem cells in bone marrow diseases, 3,4 and dialysis of blood toxin in toxic diseases caused by liver 5,6 or renal dysfunctions. 7 In the past, this technique was used in clinical treatment of hepatic insufficiency, 8 uremia, 9 nephrotic syndrome, 9 and malignant hypertension 9 ; however, it is not currently performed due to infections and serum shock among incompatible pairs.…”

Section: Microsurgery 20:116-120 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a parabiotic rat model by anastomosis of common carotid artery

et al. 2000

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A cross circulation model was established by replacing mutual blood between two rats by anastomoses of each common carotid artery. In this model, parabiotic rats were shown to replace their mutual blood completely without any artificial materials or instruments, such as silicon tubes or pumps. The rate of blood exchange was measured by intravenous injection of Evans blue dye without the use of the radioactive materials that were so far commonly used. The partial alteration of blood circulation through microvascular surgery may reveal the mechanisms of organ tropism of bacteria, protozoa, and parasites. Microvascular surgery is available for reconstruction and analysis of organ functions as well as for clinical use in organplasty.

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“…Even at the most "dan ger ous zone" -the im mu nity. How ever, the later works stated the fa vour able con se quences for the old an i mal in the parabiotic sys tem with the young one [9,10]. The au thors do not dis cuss the rea sons for di ver sity of such re sults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Our «Shagreen leather» is our problem, and we are the ones to solve it. 7. The change of paradigm. First steps

Кордюм

2006

Biopolym. Cell

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The prob lem of Time li ness of sci en tific and tech no log i cal achieve ments is brought up for dis cus sion. Ex is tence of more so phis ti cated mech a nisms rather than the real im ple men ta tion of a new idea, de vel op ment, and even pro to type is be ing pos tu lated in or der for this nov elty to en ter life and ev ery day rou tine. As for our "shag reen leather" prob lem un der consid er ation, Time li ness is con di tioned by Man kind pass ing into the new sys tem of his ex is tence called the Noosphere. And this fact pre de ter mines the in ev i ta bil ity of its solv ing. The no tion of bi o log i cal time is an a lyzed on the grounds of its dif ference from phys i cal one. The last, though, still not re solved fun da men tal re stric tion on the way to the bi o log i cal time control, i.e. heterochronous in com pat i bil ity, is high lighted. The re al ity of the be gin ning of the in di vid ual's part ing in bi o log i cal time with his sub se quent heterochronous com pat i bil ity was also marked to have passed into prac tice, in the form of cord blood pre serv ing and stor ing in liq uid ni tro gen (i.e. at the con di tion, when the bi o log i cal time is stopped) with its sub se quent us age as autologous ma te rial for tis sue and or gan re con struc tion ("re gen er a tive med i cine") for a young, adult and old or gan ism to be. Pos si ble ways of heterochronous ma te rial us age and ex pected es tab lish ment of the new "age reg u lat ing" trend in med i cine are an a lyzed.

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Bile acid metabolism in young‐old parabiotic rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Packet randomized experiments for eliminating classes of confounders

Packet randomized experiments for eliminating classes of confounders

Establishment of a parabiotic rat model by anastomosis of common carotid artery

Our «Shagreen leather» is our problem, and we are the ones to solve it. 7. The change of paradigm. First steps

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