Bile Acid Content of Human Serum. I. Serum Bile Acids in Patients with Hepatic Disease1

Rudman, Daniel; Kendall, Forrest E.

doi:10.1172/jci103450

Cited by 144 publications

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References 12 publications

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“…Elucidation of the complicated chemical alterations involved in cholesterol degradation has suggested the possibility that analysis of BA in body fluids such as serum would aid in differential diagnosis of liver and biliary tract disorders. This approach has found only limited usefulness [2,3,15,17,19]. The possibilities are still being explored, however, because sensitive methods have become available recently for separation and measurement of the small amounts of BA normally present in human serum [2,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of D is evidence that obstruction is not complete [2,3,14,17] although absence of D in serum cannot be interpreted as showing complete obstruction. An elevated C/CD ratio (> 1.0) is evidence in favor of some degree of excretory impairment, while a low C/CD ratio (< 1.0) suggests hepatocellular disease, and when very low is usually associated with impending death [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bile Acid Concentrations in Serum during Infancy and Childhood

Sandberg

1970

Pediatr Res

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ExtractConcentrations of free and conjugated bile acids in cord blood (30 samples) were within the adult range and were significantly higher than in serum from newborns (15 infants). Deoxycholic acid (D) was absent from sera of newborns and present in 7 of 23 cord samples. Only two of nine infants in year 1 of life showed detectable amounts of D. In 25 children, ages 1-13 years, bile acid concentrations in serum fell within the normal adult range. Small amounts of unconjugated bile acids were present in some specimens.Thirty-three children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (ages 2-14 years) had serum concentrations within the normal adult range. No correlation with age, sex, or severity of disease was noted.Thirty-two children with a variety of hepatobiliary disorders had significantly elevated concentrations of bile acids with the exception of a few infants with terminal cirrhosis. Determination of patterns and concentrations of bile acids in serum are of limited usefulness in differential diagnosis of these disorders. Speculation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile Acid Concentrations in Serum during Infancy and Childhood

Sandberg

1970

Pediatr Res

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“…Urine bile acids (UBA) have been detected in patients with hepatic disease since the 1950s (Rudman and Kendall, 1957;Makino et al et al, 1976;Almé et al, 1977;Simko et al, 1987;Batta et al, 1989; Shoda et al acids has been carried out mainly by gas or liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS) in recent studies. GC-MS and LC-MS can identify various structurally different bile acids precisely, and alteration of the composition of UBA can be analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood concentration -tions, but is increased in the case of a disorder in the liver or biliary tract (Dawson, 2002). Therefore, the serum bile acid level is a marker of liver disease, although it is not widely used as a routine screening test.Urine bile acids (UBA) have been detected in patients with hepatic disease since the 1950s (Rudman and Kendall, 1957; Makino et al et al., 1976;Almé et al, 1977;Simko et al, 1987;Batta et al, 1989; Shoda et al acids has been carried out mainly by gas or liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS) in recent studies. GC-MS and LC-MS can identify various structurally different bile acids precisely, and alteration of the composition of UBA can be analyzed.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…UBA content was correlated with serum activity of ALP rather than that of ALT and AST. The elevation of UBA content should be induced by cholestasis rather than hepatocyte necrosis.The relationship between serum bile acids (SBA) content and UBA content has been reported in several species (Rudman et al, 1957;Trainor et al, 2003; Balkman et al, 2003; Huang et al, 2007). UBA condogs, and human patient with liver disease.…”

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Efficacy of urine bile acid as a non-invasive indicator of liver damage in rats

et al. 2009

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-Estimation of liver damage is important in the pathophysiological and toxicological bile acids (UBA) in a rat model of liver disease. Thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats were used in this study. Single intraperitoneal administration of high-dose TAA induces severe damage to the liver, and thus is used as a model of acute hepatitis. Continuous administration of low-dose TAA yields mild damand chronic administration of TAA was associated with a dose-dependent elevation of UBA. The elevation of UBA content correlated with the alteration of blood biochemical indicators, and UBA screening -with abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity due to chronic liver damage, which was condemonstrated that measurement of UBA is a simple, non-invasive and effective method for the screening of cholestasis in TAA-treated rats. We suggest that UBA analysis may have potent applicability for monitoring the progress of liver damage in animal models of chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.Bile acid, Urine, Liver, Cholestasis, Cirrhosis, ThioacetamideCorrespondence: Hiroshi Kawai (E-mail: hkawai@jiu.ac.jp) Original ArticleThe Journal of Toxicological Sciences (J. Toxicol. Sci.) Vol.34, No.1, 27-38, 2009 Vol. 34 No. 1 27 the systemic circulation is small. The blood concentration -tions, but is increased in the case of a disorder in the liver or biliary tract (Dawson, 2002). Therefore, the serum bile acid level is a marker of liver disease, although it is not widely used as a routine screening test.Urine bile acids (UBA) have been detected in patients with hepatic disease since the 1950s (Rudman and Kendall, 1957; Makino et al et al., 1976;Almé et al., 1977;Simko et al., 1987;Batta et al., 1989; Shoda et al acids has been carried out mainly by gas or liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS) in recent studies. GC-MS and LC-MS can identify various structurally different bile acids precisely, and alteration of the composition of UBA can be analyzed. These methods, however, require complicated sample preparation, a long period of time, and a well-disciplined technician. A more simple and rapid method is needed for routine screening or analysis of a large number of samples. Recently, the direct enzymatic assay of urine sulfated bile acids (USBA) content was developed as a diagnostic tool (Matsui et al., 1996), and several reports revealed the clinical importance of USBA analysis (Obatake et al., 2002; Shinohara et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2007). Since a large portion of bile acids are sulfated in human urine (Palmer, 1967;Stiehl, 1974), USBA rather than non-sulfated UBA is useful in clinical application.UBA has also been analyzed in various animal species, such as hamsters (Galeazzi and Javitt, 1977), chimpanzees (Schweng et al., 1978), rabbits (Nakao et al., 1980), monkeys (Suzuki et al., 1985), and rats (Palmer, 1971; Takita et al., 1988;Lee et al., 2001). However, these studies focused on the alteration of metabolic ability of the liver and the pathogenic mechanisms of liver disease...

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The Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Salts

Small¹

1972

Arch Intern Med

136

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Bile salts secreted by the liver pass into the intestine, are absorbed in large part by the ileum, and return to the liver by way of the portal vein, thus completing a portal enterohepatic circulation (EHC). An extraportal EHC also exists, which is minor in health but may become a major determinant of bile metabolism in disease. A long-term monkey preparation allows direct measurement of bile volume, secretory rates of bile salts and biliary lipids, bile salt synthetic rates and pool size, and intestinal absorption in both the Substances secreted by the liv-1 er, absorbed by the intestine, and resecreted by the liver have an enterohepatic circulation (EHC). However, the degree to which a sub¬ stance undergoes EHC may vary from the extreme example of bile salts in which nearly all of the bile salt secreted into the intestine is reabsorbed and resecreted by the liver to compounds in which only a very small fraction of the total quan¬ tity secreted by the liver is reab¬ sorbed to reappear in the bile. From an anatomical point of view, the en¬ terohepatic circulation is divided into two clearly different pathways (Fig 1): the portal EHC and the extrapor¬ tal EHC. Compounds having a portal

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Bile Acid Content of Human Serum. I. Serum Bile Acids in Patients with Hepatic Disease1

Cited by 144 publications

References 12 publications

Bile Acid Concentrations in Serum during Infancy and Childhood

Bile Acid Concentrations in Serum during Infancy and Childhood

Efficacy of urine bile acid as a non-invasive indicator of liver damage in rats

The Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Salts

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