Bilateral vision loss in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

Multimodal imaging of bilateral immunogammopathy maculopathy associated to Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

“…Leskov et al 15 did not find any retinal or choroidal vascular anomaly on spectral domain OCT-A in their case report, while a more recent case report highlighted a loss of central angiogram signals with areas of irregular choriocapillaris signal on SS-OCT-A. 8 Authors suggested that this signal loss was compatible with blood flow reduction secondary to choroidal venous congestion and choroidal ischemia related to IgM deposition at the level of the Bruch’s membrane and the choriocapillaris. 8 However, their conclusion is somehow presumptive because they did not analyze the vascular density and they did not discuss the other probable origins of this signal loss as masking effect or image artifacts in presence of a large and prominent serous macular detachment.…”

“…8 Authors suggested that this signal loss was compatible with blood flow reduction secondary to choroidal venous congestion and choroidal ischemia related to IgM deposition at the level of the Bruch’s membrane and the choriocapillaris. 8 However, their conclusion is somehow presumptive because they did not analyze the vascular density and they did not discuss the other probable origins of this signal loss as masking effect or image artifacts in presence of a large and prominent serous macular detachment.…”

“…Rare cases of immunogammopathy maculopathy have been reported, 4,6 including few cases related to WM. 3,4,7,8 Eyes with immunogammopathy maculopathy usually present with serous retinal detachment and/or intraretinal fluid accumulation, associated to low visual acuity. 3…”

“…5 Rare cases of immunogammopathy maculopathy have been reported, 4,6 including few cases related to WM. 3,4,7,8 Eyes with immunogammopathy maculopathy usually present with serous retinal detachment and/or intraretinal fluid accumulation, associated to low visual acuity. 3 Our diabetic patient presented with few microaneurysms and punctuate retinal hemorrhages without any vascular tortuosity, suggesting minimal to very mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy rather than hyperviscosity retinopathy.…”

Regulation of Adrenergic, Serotonin, and Dopamine Receptors to Inhibit Diabetic Retinopathy: Monotherapies versus Combination Therapies

“…Early DR is not a single abnormality, but is comprised of a spectrum of lesions that can occur individually in other conditions. For example, retinal vascular permeability is increased also in ischemia-reperfusion injury and age-related macular degeneration (Abcouwer et al, 2013;Erickson et al, 2007), capillary degeneration occurs also in silicosis and aging (Kuwabara et al, 1961;Soliman et al, 2015), retinal microaneurysms develop also in macroglobulinemia (Vasileiou et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2015), and dysfunction of retinal neurons develops in a variety This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version.…”