Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy following in‐vitro fertilization and embryo replacement. Case report

Double trouble: a rare case of bilateral ectopic pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection

“…4 The first case of a bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy after IVF-ET was published in 1983, but spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy was reported in 1918. 5,6 The likelihood of bilateral tubal pregnancy is not only due to embryos reaching the tubes, but may be because of an additional pathology that prevents their movement back to the uterus. This mechanism may be the result of tubo-peritoneal disease or the embryo itself.…”

“…The third is the "spray effect theory" produced during embryo transfer; when emptying the hypodermic syringe, the embryos could possibly "be pushed" toward the tubal portions. 1,6 …”

Embarazo Ectópico Tubario Bilateral: Reporte De Un Caso

“…Epidemiológicamente, como ya mencionamos, es un hecho infrecuente. Clíni-camente se confunde al reproducir el cuadro del ectópico unilateral (13), la ecotomografía no es de gran ayuda y los niveles de β-hCG plasmática no han demostrado ser útiles para diferenciar entre ambos cuadros (18,19).…”

Bilateral ectopic tubal pregnancy, following in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

“…In literature there were almost 50 cases of bilateral ectopic pregnancy since 1997, and almost 50% of them were reported as spontaneous bilateral ectopic pregnancies [1]. The first case of a bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy after IVF-ET was published in 1983 [6], but spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy was reported in 1918 [7]. Three theories have been proposed to explain the origin of a bilateral ectopic pregnancy after IVF.…”

“…However, in properly functioning tubes embryos should return to the endometrial cavity. When they are dysfunctional or damaged, implantation outside the eutopic endometrium can occur more frequently [1,7].…”