Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract

Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (BSSNHL) is a rather rare and intricate condition marked by a sudden decline in hearing ability in both ears within a 72-hour timeframe. This review delves into the uniqueness of BSSNHL in comparison to unilateral cases, exploring its various causes, diagnostic criteria, management approaches, and the influence of COVID-19 on its manifestation. The review relies on a thorough examination of existing literature, emphasizing the scarcity of specific research on BSSNHL and underscoring its challenging prognosis despite diverse treatment options. Notably, the discussion touches upon potential triggers such as idiopathic, infectious, autoimmune, vascular, and membrane rupture, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. It further elaborates on diagnostic criteria for BSSNHL, categorizing cases based on the onset duration. The review critically assesses management strategies, ranging from steroids to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, with an emphasis on the unpredictable nature of therapeutic outcomes. The intriguing link between BSSNHL and COVID-19 is explored through a case report, narrating the experience of an 18-year-old patient with bilateral hearing loss, anosmia, and loss of taste, suggesting the virus's involvement in auditory complications. In conclusion, the review highlights the rarity of BSSNHL, outlines the challenges in prognosis, and advocates for dedicated research to enhance comprehension and advance clinical outcomes for those affected.