Bilateral otitis media with facial paralysis in a Japanese black calf

Kawasaki, Yousuke; Takagi, M; Fushimi, Yasuo; Mukai, Shogo; Yoshida, Tomoe; Chuma, Takehisa; Shahada, Francis; Matsumoto, Daisuke; Deguchi, Emi

doi:10.1136/vr.165.7.212

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Based on the results of the present study, routine radiography is neither specific nor sensitive and is not a valuable tool in the diagnosis of otitis media in calves. CT has been reported in the diagnosis of otitis media in a few cases in calves, but the diagnosis was not confirmed in all cases 14–17 . Ours is the first prospective study comparing both imaging modalities with postmortem diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This finding was present in 93.8% of correctly identified bullae with otitis media. In previous case reports in cattle, increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla also was consistently reported in addition to bulla wall osteolysis and bulla enlargement 14–17 . The thickened bulla wall that often was observed may not have been truly thickened because of the artifact created by fluid that can falsely create the impression of a thickened wall 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Radiography and CT of the tympanic bullae both require general anesthesia in small animals. CT under general anesthesia has been documented in a few case reports in the diagnosis of otitis in calves but the diagnosis was not confirmed in all cases 14–17 . The validity of these 2 diagnostic imaging modalities in the diagnosis of otitis media has not been reported in cattle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf

Finnen

Blond

Francoz

et al. 2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, but not all cases were confirmed.Hypothesis: CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality of the tympanic bullae and can be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of otitis media.Animals: Sixteen Holstein calves 5-7 weeks of age were included. Methods: Prospective study. All calves were sedated with IV xylazine (0.05-0.15 mg/kg) for routine radiography (3 views) and CT of the tympanic bullae followed by necropsy.Results: Based upon necropsy findings, 10 of 16 calves were affected with otitis media, 4 unilaterally and 6 bilaterally. Imaging changes associated with otitis media included increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla, thickening of the bulla wall, enlarged bulla, and osteolysis of the bulla wall and trabeculations. The most frequent radiographic changes were lysis of trabeculations and increased soft tissue opacity, which were present in 56.3% of affected bullae. On CT, increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla was present in 93.8% of affected bullae. Sensitivity of radiography and CT was 68.8 and 93.8% and specificity was 50 and 100%, respectively. The k value between radiography and CT with necropsy diagnosis was 0.19 for radiography, indicating poor agreement, and 0.94 for CT, indicating excellent agreement.Conclusion: CT is more specific, more sensitive, and easier to interpret than radiography and can be used as the gold standard in the diagnosis of otitis media in the calf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf

Finnen

Blond

Francoz

et al. 2010

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Mycoplasma bovis , either alone or in association with other bacteria, is considered one of the main etiological agents of OMI in calves [ 1 , 8 , 10 , 13 ]. Clinical signs of OM and OMI vary from conjunctival discharge, pain, obtundation, poor appetite and pyrexia [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 14 , 15 ] to neurologic manifestations secondary to facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) dysfunctions [ 1 ]. Purulent aural discharge may appear into the external acoustic meatus in association with rupture of the tympanic membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical-pathological findings of otitis media and media-interna in calves and (clinical) evaluation of a standardized therapeutic protocol

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe aims of this field trial were to describe the clinical-pathologic findings in calves with otitis media (OM) and media-interna (OMI), to evaluate, through the development of a scoring system, the effectiveness of a standardized therapeutic protocol, and to identify the causative pathogens and their possible correlation with concurrent respiratory disease. All animals underwent physical and neurological examinations at three experimental time points: at diagnosis/beginning of treatment (T0), 1 week (T1) and 2 weeks (T2) after therapy was started, respectively. Follow-up telephone interviews with animal owners were conducted 1 month later. The therapeutic protocol consisted of tulathromycin (Draxxin®; Zoetis), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramicina 100®; Zoetis), and carprofen (Rimadyl®; Zoetis).ResultsTwenty-two calves were enrolled. Physical and otoscopic examination at T0 revealed monolateral and bilateral otorrhea in 16 and 6 calves, respectively, with peripheral vestibular system involvement in calves presenting with neurological signs (n = 17; 77 %). A significant improvement of clinical and neurological scores was observed in 20 (90 %) calves, a full recovery in only 1 (5 %). One calf worsened between T0 and T1 and it was removed from the study. None of the other animals showed a worsening of clinical conditions and/or required further treatments at one month follow up. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated in 89 % of the affected ears either alone or together with P. multocida (n = 5), Streptococcus spp. (n = 1), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 1), and Pseudomonas spp. (n = 1). M. bovis either alone or together with these bacteria was also isolated from the upper and/or lower respiratory tract in 19 (86 %) calves.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized therapeutic protocol for the treatment of OM/OMI in calves. The therapy led to clinical improvement in the majority of the calves. Persistence of mild clinical-neurological signs did not compromise productive performance. The numerical scoring system for clinical and neurological signs permitted objective evaluation of response to therapy. M. bovis was the pathogen most often isolated. This finding should be considered in the treatment of OM/OMI in calves. Moreover, respiratory tract infection should not be underrated, since it is one of the major risk factors for the development of OM/OMI.

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Diseases of the Nervous System

2017

Veterinary Medicine

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The tenth edition of this deservedly popular book marks its coming of age, but in spite of the widespread changes in neurological concepts and ideas since 1940, it remains essentially a practical handbook for general practitioners and students. An interesting innovation in the present edition is a chapter on liverbrain relationships. In it, Dr John Walshe describes with clarity the effects of primary liver disease on the central nervous system, and the biochemical and neurological effects of such metabolic disorders as

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Bilateral otitis media with facial paralysis in a Japanese black calf

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf

Comparison of Computed Tomography and Routine Radiography of the Tympanic Bullae in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in the Calf

Clinical-pathological findings of otitis media and media-interna in calves and (clinical) evaluation of a standardized therapeutic protocol

Diseases of the Nervous System

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