Bilateral musculus sternalis – An anatomical and clinical review

Slater, Julia; McLean, N.R.; Youssef, Magdy M.; Bristow, Garry

doi:10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.011

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First described in the 17th century, the sternalis muscle is present in ~8% of the population and has been predominantly characterized with cadaveric studies 1–3 . It is more commonly unilateral (67%) than bilateral (33%) 1 .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its parasternal location, the sternalis muscle can present as a medial density on mammography and can be mistaken for a breast cancer 1,4,8,10 . Clarification can come from comparison to prior imaging for stability 2 and supplemental imaging with ultrasound, computed tomography or MRI 3,10 . Its presence should be documented to ensure future visualization of the muscle is not mistaken for breast cancer 5 …”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dividing the inferior attachments of sternalis is recommended when a submuscular pocket is created for expander or implant‐based breast reconstruction. This allows sternalis to sit tension‐free over pectoralis major and reduces the risk of pressure necrosis of the muscle 2 . Inclusion of sternalis in the formation of the submuscular pocket gives better cosmesis, as pectoralis major commonly has medial deficits when sternalis is present 2,9 .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows sternalis to sit tension‐free over pectoralis major and reduces the risk of pressure necrosis of the muscle 2 . Inclusion of sternalis in the formation of the submuscular pocket gives better cosmesis, as pectoralis major commonly has medial deficits when sternalis is present 2,9 . Other reported clinical considerations of the sternalis include its effect on the electrocardiogram tracing, 6 implications on radiation planning 8 and clinical utility as a donor site in reconstruction 6 …”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First described in the 17th century, the sternalis muscle is present in 8% of the population and has been predominantly characterized with cadaveric studies. [1][2][3] It is more commonly unilateral (67%) than bilateral (33%). 1 Its embryological origin is contentious 1 and it is considered by some as an accessory muscle of respiration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The sternalis muscle: an anatomical variant with clinical relevance for the breast and reconstructive surgeon

Wynn,

Cole,

Scott

et al. 2023

ANZ Journal of Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The sternalis muscle: an anatomical variant with clinical relevance for the breast and reconstructive surgeon

Wynn,

Cole,

Scott

et al. 2023

ANZ Journal of Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sternalis Syndrome Misidentified by Multiple Specialties Responding to Botox Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review

Georgiyeva¹,

Kumar²,

Fernández³

2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When a clinician, especially one who is specialized in primary care is faced with presenting complaints of deep, sharp, anterior chest pain, the most common differential diagnoses include cardiac and gastrointestinal pain. Musculoskeletal pain is thought of less frequently as a possible root cause. In this case report, we describe the clinical journey of a female athlete who presented with complaints of burning anterior chest pain. Her sternalis syndrome pain was first misdiagnosed as pain of cardiac origin, resulting in pacemaker placement into the patient’s chest. The pain continued, and the same musculoskeletal pain was then presumed to be of gastrointestinal origin due to a previous history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). As a result of this misidentification, the patient underwent an unnecessary esophageal surgical procedure. Here, we identify the origins of sternalis syndrome pain, what other conditions the pain may be confused with, and how clinicians should not be quick to exclude musculoskeletal pain from a differential diagnosis of acute chest pain. We discuss effective treatments for sternalis syndrome and shed light on this less common cause of anterior chest pain to promote more accurate diagnosis and avoidance of unnecessary surgical interventions.

show abstract

Bilateral musculus sternalis – An anatomical and clinical review

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

The sternalis muscle: an anatomical variant with clinical relevance for the breast and reconstructive surgeon

The sternalis muscle: an anatomical variant with clinical relevance for the breast and reconstructive surgeon

Sternalis Syndrome Misidentified by Multiple Specialties Responding to Botox Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About