Mandibular coronoid aplasia is defined as the absence of the coronoid process and hypoplasia is described as defective or underdeveloped coronoid process. It is a very rare developmental anomaly of the oral and maxillofacial region. 1 While changes in temporal muscle activity contribute to the development of the condyle and coronoid process. The increase or decrease in the activity of temporal muscle may result in hyperplasia, hypoplasia or aplasia of bone. 2 Increased temporal muscle activity causes coronoid hyperplasia. 3 However, decreased temporal muscle activity may be observed in coronoid hypoplasia, and unchanged temporal muscle activity may accompany the condition. 2,4,5 Due to the low number of coronoid hypoplasia cases no consensus could be reached on its etiology. Coronoid hypoplasia can be seen together with the syndrome or can occur alone.According to our literature research; this is the sixth case of mandibular coronoid hypoplasia documented in the literature. Four of the other cases are bilateral coronoid hypoplasia. 1,4,6,7 Only one case is unilateral coronoid hypoplasia. 8 Our case is the second unilateral coronoid aplasia case reported so far. In this report; A case of coronoid aplasia with condylar hypoplasia of a 38-year-old female patient not associated with any syndrome will be presented.