Bilateral kinematic and kinetic analysis of the squat exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

Salem, George J.; Salinas, Ruben; Harding, F V.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00034-0

Cited by 131 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Paterno et al 31 reported significantly higher vertical ground reaction force during the landing phase of a drop vertical jump maneuver on the uninvolved limb of young female athletes 2 years after ACLR. Others have identified altered loading patterns 32 and compensatory movement patterns 33,34 after ACLR, which may result in increased load on the uninvolved limb during dynamic movement patterns after ACLR. This increased load on the contralateral limb after ACLR, coupled with unaddressed risk factors in female athletes, may place the young female athlete after ACLR at even higher risk for a contralateral ACL injury, as our findings indicate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

Paterno

Rauh

Schmitt

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

422

428

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Objective Incidence rate (IR) of an ipsilateral or contralateral injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown. The hypotheses were that the IR of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after ACLR would be greater than the IR in an uninjured cohort of athletes and would be greater in female athletes after ACLR than male athletes. Design Prospective case–control study. Setting Regional sports community. Participants Sixty-three subjects who had ACLR and were ready to return to sport (RTS) and 39 control subjects. Independent Variables Second ACL injury and sex. Main Outcome Measures Second ACL injury and athletic exposure (AE) was tracked for 12 months after RTS. Sixteen subjects after ACLR and 1 control subject suffered a second ACL injury. Between- and within-group comparisons of second ACL injury rates (per 1000 AEs) were conducted. Results The IR of ACL injury after ACLR (1.82/1000 AE) was 15 times greater [risk ratio (RR) = 15.24; P = 0.0002) than that of control subjects (0.12/1000AE). Female ACLR athletes demonstrated 16 times greater rate of injury (RR = 16.02; P = 0.0002) than female control subjects. Female athletes were 4 (RR = 3.65; P = 0.05) times more likely to suffer a second ACL injury and 6 times (RR = 6.21; P = 0.04) more likely to suffer a contralateral injury than male athletes. Conclusions An increased rate of second ACL injury after ACLR exists in athletes when compared with a healthy population. Female athletes suffer contralateral ACL injuries at a higher rate than male athletes and seem to suffer contralateral ACL injuries more frequently than graft re-tears. The identification of a high-risk group within a population of ACLR athletes is a critical step to improve outcome after ACLR and RTS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

Paterno

Rauh

Schmitt

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

422

428

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“…When muscle strength is compromised, movement patterns may be altered and excessive forces may be transferred directly to the joint surfaces, 36 which could promote cartilage damage. Limb asymmetries during squatting, landing, and jumping activities 15,19,39,42,43,45,58,64 and ensuing compensation patterns observed in individuals with ACLR may be related to deficits in QF strength. 8 At this time, it is not known whether QF strength deficits demonstrated at the time of return to sport are associated with altered movement patterns or long-term joint morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current literature lacks standard guidelines for return to sport, 26 which is further reflected by the persistent deficits noted in young individuals with ACLR. Limb asymmetries in muscle strength 53,65 and in performance 38 and limb-loading strategies during squatting, 39,58 jumping, and landing 15,19,42,43,45,64 are consistently noted following return to high-level activity. The development of standardized, objective, and evidence-based recommendations is crucial for the promotion of standards of care, the optimization of activity performance, and the potential to minimize risk of future injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Impact of Quadriceps Femoris Strength Asymmetry on Functional Performance at Return to Sport Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Schmitt¹,

Paterno²,

Hewett

2012

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

341

369

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“…Moreover, the FDA revealed lower GRFs for the operated leg during the bilateral jump. Previous studies have shown that ACL-reconstructed patients use intralimb 37,38 or interlimb 37,38,40 compensation strategies during bilateral movements to achieve their movement target. The GRF differences we observed in patients with low IKDC scores suggest that they use interlimb compensation strategies during bilateral jumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Ground Reaction Force Analyses of Bilateral and Unilateral Jumps in Patients With ACL Reconstruction

Baumgart

Hoppe

Freiwald

2017

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:In patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there is a weak correlation between subjective evaluation of knee function on questionnaires and clinical or biomechanical test results.Hypothesis:Patients with lower subjective knee function will demonstrate lower ground-reaction forces (GRFs) in the operated leg and greater GRF asymmetries in both phase-specific and functional data analysis (FDA) approaches compared with patients with higher subjective knee function.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:The GRFs of the operated and nonoperated legs of 40 patients who previously underwent ACL reconstruction (patellar tendon) were analyzed during unilateral and bilateral countermovement jumps at a mean 2.5 years after surgery. The patients were separated into 2 groups depending on their International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Form score: low IKDC and high IKDC.Results:Both phase-specific and FDA approaches showed lower GRF values in the operated compared with the nonoperated leg within the low-IKDC group during bilateral jumps. Moreover, lower GRF values were also present in the operated and nonoperated legs in the low-IKDC group compared with those of the high-IKDC group. Differences in GRFs were predominantly observed during the eccentric deceleration phase of jumping.Conclusion:Patients with previous ACL reconstruction who have limited subjective knee function have lower GRF values and greater GRF asymmetries, suggesting the use of interlimb compensation strategies.Clinical Relevance:The study results lead to a better understanding of the motor control needed during the eccentric and concentric movement phases of unilateral and bilateral jumps in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction.

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Cited by 131 publications

References 21 publications

Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

The Impact of Quadriceps Femoris Strength Asymmetry on Functional Performance at Return to Sport Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Phase-Specific Ground Reaction Force Analyses of Bilateral and Unilateral Jumps in Patients With ACL Reconstruction

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